ISCO-08 4212
Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers
24.0%
ADI · 273rd of 433 · 95% interval 15.2–33.6
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 24.0% of the task time of bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full24.0%
273rd of 433 · interval 15.2–33.6
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time26.0%
266th of 433 · interval 21.2–31.0
Evidence86
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.0 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 43.8%L1Augmentation · 32.2%L2Partial delegation · 24.0%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
86 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow all gaming regulations.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain confidentiality of customers' transactions.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 12 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Convert gaming checks, coupons, tokens, or coins to currency for gaming patrons.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record casino exchange transactions, using cash registers.Gambling Cage Workers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 3 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Cash checks and process credit card advances for patrons.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 6 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supply currency, coins, chips, or gaming checks to other departments as needed.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain cage security.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 4.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Exchange paper currency for playing chips or coins.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct gambling tables or games, such as dice, roulette, cards, or keno, and ensure that game rules are followed.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 4.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compare the house hand with players' hands to determine the winner.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L1L0 | 15% | 1 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Operate games in which players bet that a ball will come to rest in a particular slot on a rotating wheel, performing actions such as spinning the wheel and releasing the ball.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collect bets in the form of cash or chips, verifying and recording amounts.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners | 1.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 3 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Pay off or move bets as established by game rules and procedures.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 50% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Check to ensure that all players have placed their bets before play begins.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.5% | L0 | L1L0 | 15% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collect cards or tickets from players.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners | 1.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 71 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verify accuracy of reports, such as authorization forms, transaction reconciliations, or exchange summary reports.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 42 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare reports, including assignment of company funds or recording of department revenues.Gambling Cage Workers · supplemental task | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.3 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Open or close cash floats or game tables.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compute and verify amounts won or lost, paying out winnings or referring patrons to workers, such as gaming cashiers, so that winnings can be collected.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Count funds and reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Start gaming equipment that randomly selects numbered balls and announce winning numbers and colors.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L1L0 | 11% | 6 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Pay winnings or collect losing bets as established by the rules and procedures of a specific game.Gambling Dealers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Determine cash requirements for windows and order all necessary currency, coins, or chips.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 45 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Greet customers and make them feel welcome.Gambling Dealers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 1 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Exchange paper currency for playing chips or coin money.Gambling Dealers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Check to ensure that all players have placed bets before play begins.Gambling Dealers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Stand behind a gaming table and deal the appropriate number of cards to each player.Gambling Dealers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Apply rule variations to card games such as poker, in which players bet on the value of their hands.Gambling Dealers | 1.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform removal and rotation of cash, coin, or chip inventories as necessary.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Deal cards to house hands, and compare these with players' hands to determine winners, as in black jack.Gambling Dealers | 1.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Establish new computer accounts.Gambling Cage Workers · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 20 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect cards or equipment to be used in games to ensure they are in proper condition.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Receive, verify, and record patrons' cash wagers.Gambling Dealers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct gambling games, such as dice, roulette, cards, or keno, following all applicable rules and regulations.Gambling Dealers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 16 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Work as part of a team of dealers in games, such as baccarat or craps.Gambling Dealers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare bank deposits, balancing assigned funds as necessary.Gambling Cage Workers · supplemental task | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide customers with information about casino operations.Gambling Cage Workers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compute amounts of players' wins or losses, or scan winning tickets presented by patrons to calculate the amount of money won.Gambling Dealers | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Start and control games and gaming equipment, and announce winning numbers or colors.Gambling Dealers | 1.3% | L0 | L1L0 | 8% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons or to other workers for resale to patrons.Gambling Cage Workers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect cards and equipment to be used in games to ensure that they are in good condition.Gambling Dealers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Record the number of tickets cashed and the amount paid out after each race or event.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Answer questions about game rules or casino policies.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners | 1.2% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Deliver tickets, cards, and money to bingo callers.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Sell food, beverages, or tobacco to players.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 5 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Greet customers and ask about the quality of service they are receiving.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L2 | 18% | 4 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor game operations to ensure that house rules are followed, that tribal, state, and federal regulations are adhered to, and that employees provide prompt and courteous service.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.1% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Open and close cash floats and game tables.Gambling Dealers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in games for gambling establishments to provide the minimum complement of players at a table.Gambling Dealers · supplemental task | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Observe gamblers' behavior for signs of cheating, such as marking, switching, or counting cards, and notify security staff of suspected cheating.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L2L0 | 32% | 2.1 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Answer questions about game rules and casino policies.Gambling Dealers | 1.1% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Supervise staff and monitor gambling tables to ensure security of the game.Gambling Dealers · supplemental task | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Seat patrons at gaming tables.Gambling Dealers · supplemental task | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare collection reports for submission to supervisors.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform paperwork required for monetary transactions.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 28 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform minor repairs or make adjustments to slot machines, resolving problems such as machine tilts and coin jams.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 15 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor payment of hand-delivered jackpots to ensure promptness.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Explain and interpret house rules, such as game rules or betting limits, for patrons.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Reset slot machines after payoffs.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 5 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Supervise staff and games and mediate disputes.Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners · supplemental task | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 40 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise the distribution of complimentary meals, hotel rooms, discounts, or other items given to players, based on length of play and amount bet.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Answer patrons' questions about gaming machine functions and payouts.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 6 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Refer patrons to gaming cashiers to collect winnings.Gambling Dealers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 2 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Respond to and resolve patrons' complaints.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record, issue receipts for, and pay off bets.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Establish and maintain banks and table limits for each game.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare collection reports for submission to supervisors.Gambling Dealers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Exchange currency for customers, converting currency into requested combinations of bills and coins.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 3 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record the specifics of malfunctioning machines and document malfunctions needing repair.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain familiarity with the games at a facility and with strategies or tricks used by cheaters at such games.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor functioning of slot machine coin dispensers and fill coin hoppers when necessary.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 22 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Attach "out of order" signs to malfunctioning machines, and notify technicians when machines need to be repaired or removed.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 10 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor stations and games and move dealers from game to game to ensure adequate staffing.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 4.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor patrons for signs of compulsive gambling, offering assistance if necessary.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Report customer-related incidents occurring in gaming areas to supervisors.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct workers compiling summary sheets for each race or event to record amounts wagered and amounts to be paid to winners.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 32 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Determine how many gaming tables to open each day and schedule staff accordingly.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.1 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Clean and maintain slot machines and surrounding areas.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Enforce safety rules, and report or remove safety hazards as well as guests who are underage, intoxicated, disruptive, or cheating.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide assistance in the training and orientation of new cashiers.Gambling Cage Workers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Interview and hire workers.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Train, supervise, schedule, and evaluate workers.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Train new dealers.Gambling Dealers · supplemental task | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Establish policies on types of gambling offered, odds, or extension of credit.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Review operational expenses, budget estimates, betting accounts, or collection reports for accuracy.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Evaluate workers' performance and prepare written performance evaluations.First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 24.0% | 37 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.319 | 50 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 0.337 | 60 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 39.5 | 28 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.111 | 40 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.013 | 44 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (42)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Client information workers not elsewhere classified 4229 | 100.0 | |
| Debt-collectors and related workers 4214 | 95.8 | |
| Contact centre information clerks 4222 | 95.4 | |
| Enquiry clerks 4225 | 92.9 | |
| Survey and market research interviewers 4227 | 87.9 | |
| Travel consultants and clerks 4221 | 85.4 | |
| Telephone switchboard operators 4223 | 82.9 | |
| Receptionists (general) 4226 | 82.3 | |
| Hotel receptionists 4224 | 71.5 | |
| Pawnbrokers and money-lenders 4213 | 57.0 | |
| Bank tellers and related clerks 4211 | 51.2 |
Dashed line: bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers (24.0%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers (ISCO-08 4212), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/4212
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers (ISCO-08 4212)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/4212.json.