Skip to content
Balam Labs
ISCO-08 2353

Other language teachers

57.0%
ADI · 160th of 433 · 95% interval 45.3–68.1

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 57.0% of the task time of other language teachers, and finish 2.1% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full57.0%

160th of 433 · interval 45.3–68.1

ADI3 · full delegation2.1%

119th of 433 · interval 0.1–4.8

ADIs · share of time44.8%

162nd of 433 · interval 40.0–48.9

Evidence104

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 2.8 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

9%
33%
55%
L0No meaningful role · 9.5%L1Augmentation · 33.5%L2Partial delegation · 55.0%L3Full delegation · 2.1%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence44%
Accountability22%
Trust and care68%
Access to systems52%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

104 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)Sonnet · HaikuBarriers
Observe students to determine qualifications, limitations, abilities, interests, and other individual characteristics.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.4%L1L1L230%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Observe and evaluate students' work to determine progress and make suggestions for improvement.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.4%L2L2L260%25 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.3%L1L1L230%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicate those objectives to students.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.2%L2L2L262%38 minTrust and care
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs, abilities, and interests.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.2%L2L2L255%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Assign and grade class work and homework.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.2%L2L2L370%1.4 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.2%L2L2L242%1.8 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare students for further education by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.1%L1L1L235%1.0 hTrust and care
Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors2.1%L2L2L258%1.8 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Conduct classes, workshops, and demonstrations to teach principles, techniques, or methods in subjects, such as basic English language skills, life skills, and workforce entry skills.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.9%L1L1L230%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Establish and enforce rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among the students for whom they are responsible.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.9%L1L1L120%52 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws or administrative policies.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.9%L2L2L265%38 minAccountability, Access to systems
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.7%L2L2L255%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Enforce administration policies and rules governing students.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.6%L1L1L232%30 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide feedback to students, using positive reinforcement techniques to encourage, motivate, or build confidence in students.Tutors1.6%L2L2L260%20 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Show the other 89 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)Sonnet · HaikuBarriers
Prepare for assigned classes and show written evidence of preparation upon request of immediate supervisors.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.6%L2L2L270%2.0 hAccess to systems
Provide information, guidance, and preparation for the General Equivalency Diploma (GED) examination.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task1.6%L2L2L265%1.0 hTrust and care
Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.5%L2L2L248%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Review class material with students by discussing text, working solutions to problems, or reviewing worksheets or other assignments.Tutors1.5%L2L2L262%52 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task1.5%L1L1L118%30 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Enforce school and class rules to maintain order in the classroom.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.4%L0L0L16%3.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Assess students' progress throughout tutoring sessions.Tutors1.4%L2L2L260%38 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Answer students' questions.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.4%L1L1L245%3 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide private instruction to individual or small groups of students to improve academic performance, improve occupational skills, or prepare for academic or occupational tests.Tutors1.4%L2L2L260%1.0 hTrust and care
Prepare and administer written, oral, and performance tests and issue grades in accordance with performance.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.3%L2L2L260%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Follow lesson plans designed by absent teachers.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.3%L0L1L08%3.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Review instructional content, methods, and student evaluations to assess strengths and weaknesses, and to develop recommendations for course revision, development, or elimination.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.3%L2L2L265%3.5 hAccess to systems
Teach students study skills, note-taking skills, and test-taking strategies.Tutors1.3%L2L2L258%1.0 hTrust and care
Take class attendance and maintain attendance records.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.3%L1L1L130%9 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare objectives and outlines for courses of study, following curriculum guidelines or requirements of states and schools.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.2%L2L2L270%3.5 h–
Select and schedule class times to ensure maximum attendance.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task1.2%L2L2L265%2.5 hAccess to systems
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.2%L2L2L268%1.1 hAccountability, Access to systems
Distribute teaching materials, such as textbooks, workbooks, papers, and pencils, to students.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.2%L0L0L04%10 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Register, orient, and assess new students according to standards and procedures.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.2%L2L2L255%1.3 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Teach social skills to students, such as communication, conflict resolution, and etiquette.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.1%L1L1L125%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Monitor student performance or assist students in academic environments, such as classrooms, laboratories, or computing centers.Tutors1.1%L2L2L242%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Guide and counsel students with adjustment or academic problems or special academic interests.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.1%L1L1L235%40 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Supervise students during activities outside the classroom, such as recess, lunch, and field trips.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.1%L0L0L02%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Meet with other professionals to discuss individual students' needs and progress.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.1%L1L1L128%38 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Train and assist tutors and community literacy volunteers.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task1.1%L2L2L252%3.0 hTrust and care
Teach a variety of subjects, such as English, mathematics, and social studies.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.1%L1L1L230%3.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Schedule tutoring appointments with students or their parents.Tutors1.1%L3L3L385%12 minAccess to systems
Select, order, and issue books, materials, and supplies for courses or projects.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.1%L2L2L265%2.0 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Collaborate with students, parents, teachers, school administrators, or counselors to determine student needs, develop tutoring plans, or assess student progress.Tutors1.0%L2L2L248%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Distribute or collect tests or homework assignments.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.0%L0L0L08%8 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Tutor or assist students individually or in small groups.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.0%L1L1L240%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Organize tutoring environment to promote productivity and learning.Tutors1.0%L1L1L238%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Operate equipment such as computers or audio-visual aids to supplement presentations.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term1.0%L1L1L120%15 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Confer with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons that promote learning, following approved curricula.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.0%L2L2L248%1.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Organize and supervise games or other recreational activities.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term · supplemental task1.0%L0L0L222%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Attend staff meetings and serve on committees, as required.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors1.0%L1L1L122%1.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Communicate students' progress to students, parents, or teachers in written progress reports, in person, by phone, or by email.Tutors0.9%L2L2L260%22 minTrust and care
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, contests, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors0.9%L2L2L242%5.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Counsel students with adjustment or academic problems.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term0.9%L1L1L225%32 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain records of students' assessment results, progress, feedback, or school performance, ensuring confidentiality of all records.Tutors0.9%L2L2L372%45 minAccess to systems
Assist students with boarding or exiting school buses.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term · supplemental task0.9%L0L0L02%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Collaborate with other teachers and professionals in the development of instructional programs.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors0.9%L1L1L238%1.8 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Identify, develop, or implement intervention strategies, tutoring plans, or individualized education plans (IEPs) for students.Tutors0.8%L2L2L258%2.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Advise students on internships, prospective employers, and job placement services.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L255%45 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Prepare lesson plans or learning modules for tutoring sessions according to students' needs and goals.Tutors0.8%L2L2L378%1.0 hAccess to systems
Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, or assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term · supplemental task0.8%L0L0L18%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Attend professional meetings, conferences, and workshops to maintain and improve professional competence.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors0.8%L1L1L122%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability
Observe and evaluate the performance of other instructors.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L235%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Confer with leaders of government and community groups to coordinate student training or to find opportunities for students to fulfill curriculum requirements.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L245%2.0 hTrust and care
Travel to students' homes, libraries, or schools to conduct tutoring sessions.Tutors · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L110%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare and facilitate tutoring workshops, collaborative projects, or academic support sessions for small groups of students.Tutors0.7%L2L2L250%2.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Grade students' assignments and exams.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L375%30 minAccountability, Access to systems
Participate in publicity planning, community awareness efforts, and student recruitment.Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L255%3.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop teaching or training materials, such as handouts, study materials, or quizzes.Tutors0.6%L3L3L385%1.8 h–
Participate in training and development sessions to improve tutoring practices or learn new tutoring techniques.Tutors0.6%L1L1L122%1.8 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Restock teaching materials or supplies.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term · supplemental task0.6%L1L1L225%25 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Instruct students individually and in groups, using various teaching methods, such as lectures, discussions, and demonstrations.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.5%L1L1L232%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Adapt teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.5%L2L2L255%1.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Prepare students for further development by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.5%L1L1L125%1.0 hTrust and care
Monitor students' performance to make suggestions for improvement and to ensure that they satisfy course standards, training requirements, and objectives.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.4%L2L2L250%1.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Attend professional meetings, educational conferences, or teacher training workshops to improve professional competence.Substitute Teachers, Short-Term0.4%L1L1L225%5.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Observe students to determine qualifications, limitations, abilities, interests, and other individual characteristics.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.4%L1L1L122%38 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Establish clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicate those objectives to students.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.4%L2L2L272%38 minAccess to systems
Research or recommend textbooks, software, equipment, or other learning materials to complement tutoring.Tutors · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L378%1.8 h–
Assign and grade class work and homework.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L270%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by administrative policy.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.4%L2L2L268%30 minAccountability, Access to systems
Enforce policies and rules governing students.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.4%L1L1L122%22 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare materials and classrooms for class activities.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L2L2L245%1.1 hPhysical presence
Conduct classes, workshops, and demonstrations, and provide individual instruction to teach topics and skills, such as cooking, dancing, writing, physical fitness, photography, personal finance, and flying.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L228%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Instruct and monitor students in the use and care of equipment and materials to prevent injury and damage.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L220%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Administer, proctor, or score academic or diagnostic assessments.Tutors · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L262%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan and conduct activities for a balanced program of instruction, demonstration, and work time that provides students with opportunities to observe, question, and investigate.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L2L2L242%2.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Prepare instructional program objectives, outlines, and lesson plans.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L3L3L385%2.5 h–
Prepare and administer written, oral, and performance tests, and issue grades in accordance with performance.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L2L2L258%3.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Use computers, audio-visual aids, and other equipment and materials to supplement presentations.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L2L2L258%1.1 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Meet with other instructors to discuss individual students and their progress.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L1L1L232%38 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Confer with other teachers and professionals to plan and schedule lessons promoting learning and development.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L2L2L255%1.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Schedule class times to ensure maximum attendance.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L265%1.5 hAccess to systems
Review instructional content, methods, and student evaluations to assess strengths and weaknesses, and to develop recommendations for course revision, development, or elimination.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.3%L2L2L268%4.0 hAccess to systems
Observe and evaluate the performance of other instructors.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L238%1.4 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Organize and supervise games and other recreational activities to promote physical, mental, and social development.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L225%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare and implement remedial programs for students requiring extra help.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L248%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Meet with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress and to determine their priorities for their children.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L228%35 minTrust and care
Plan and supervise class projects, field trips, visits by guest speakers, contests, or other experiential activities, and guide students in learning from those activities.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.2%L2L2L242%7.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Participate in publicity planning and student recruitment.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L258%3.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Select, order, and issue books, materials, and supplies for courses or projects.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.2%L2L2L270%1.5 hAccess to systems
Attend staff meetings and serve on committees, as required.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.2%L1L1L122%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Attend professional meetings, conferences, and workshops to maintain and improve professional competence.Self-Enrichment Teachers0.1%L1L1L232%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Write instructional articles on designated subjects.Self-Enrichment Teachers · supplemental task0.1%L3L3L389%3.5 h–

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentilePct
ADI (this index)57.0%63
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.39860
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure1.27592
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure5548
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.31569
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.1478

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (23)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: other language teachers (57.0%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Other language teachers (ISCO-08 2353), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2353

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Other language teachers (ISCO-08 2353)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2353.json.