ISCO-08 4411
Library clerks
57.1%
ADI · 159th of 433 · 95% interval 43.6–70.1
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 57.1% of the task time of library clerks, and finish 8.1% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full57.1%
159th of 433 · interval 43.6–70.1
ADI3 · full delegation8.1%
47th of 433 · interval 2.0–15.6
ADIs · share of time45.6%
158th of 433 · interval 39.9–51.3
Evidence63
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 0.7 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 13.6%L1Augmentation · 29.3%L2Partial delegation · 49.0%L3Full delegation · 8.1%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
63 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sort books, publications, and other items according to established procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.Library Assistants, Clerical | 3.1% | L0 | L0L2 | 18% | 40 min | Physical presence |
| Locate library materials for patrons, including books, periodicals, tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures.Library Assistants, Clerical | 3.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 10 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Answer routine inquiries and refer patrons in need of professional assistance to librarians.Library Assistants, Clerical | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 5 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect returned books for condition and due-date status and compute any applicable fines.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Manage reserve materials by placing items on reserve for library patrons, checking items in and out of library, and removing out-of-date items.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 22 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform clerical activities, such as answering phones, sorting mail, filing, typing, word processing, and photocopying and mailing out material.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain records of items received, stored, issued, and returned and file catalog cards according to system used.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Enter and update patrons' records on computers.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.6% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 5 min | Access to systems |
| Instruct patrons on how to use reference sources, card catalogs, and automated information systems.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 15 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Provide assistance to librarians in the maintenance of collections of books, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, and audio-visual and other materials.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Open and close library during specified hours and secure library equipment, such as computers and audio-visual equipment.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Lend, reserve, and collect books, periodicals, videotapes, and other materials at circulation desks and process materials for inter-library loans.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 8 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Operate small branch libraries, under the direction of off-site librarian supervisors.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 2.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 5.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Classify and catalog items according to content and purpose.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 2.2% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain library equipment, such as photocopiers, scanners, and computers, and instruct patrons in proper use of such equipment.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.2% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 25 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 48 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Review records, such as microfilm and issue cards, to identify titles of overdue materials and delinquent borrowers.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Prepare, store, and retrieve classification and catalog information, lecture notes, or other information related to stored documents, using computers.Library Assistants, Clerical | 2.0% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Register new patrons and issue borrower identification cards that permit patrons to borrow books and other materials.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 10 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Send out notices and accept fine payments for lost or overdue books.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform accounting and bookkeeping activities, such as invoicing, maintaining financial records, budgeting, and handling cash.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Plan or participate in library events and programs, such as story time with children.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 1.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Reserve, circulate, renew, and discharge books and other materials.Library Technicians | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 5 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Take action to deal with disruptive or problem patrons.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Repair books using mending tape, paste, and brushes or prepare books to be sent to a bindery for repair.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Answer routine telephone or in-person reference inquiries, referring patrons to librarians for further assistance, when necessary.Library Technicians | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Catalogue and sort books and other print and non-print materials according to procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.Library Technicians | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 20 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Deliver and retrieve items to and from departments by hand or using push carts.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Schedule, supervise, and train clerical workers, volunteers, student assistants, and other library employees.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Deliver and retrieve items throughout the library by hand or using pushcart.Library Technicians | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Operate and maintain audio-visual equipment.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 15% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Process new materials including books, audio-visual materials, and computer software.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 21 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Help patrons find and use library resources, such as reference materials, audio-visual equipment, computers, and other electronic resources and provide technical assistance when needed.Library Technicians | 1.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 12 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Select substitute titles when requested materials are unavailable, following criteria such as age, education, and interests.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 18 min | Access to systems |
| Enter and update patrons' records on computers.Library Technicians | 1.3% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 9 min | Access to systems |
| Assist in the preparation of book displays.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 1.8 h | Physical presence |
| Issue identification cards to borrowers.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 10 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Process print and non-print library materials to prepare them for inclusion in library collections.Library Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 16 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Collect fines and respond to complaints about fines.Library Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 11 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide assistance to teachers and students by locating materials and helping to complete special projects.Library Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 38 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Check for damaged library materials, such as books or audio-visual equipment, and provide replacements or make repairs.Library Technicians | 1.2% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 15 min | Physical presence |
| Retrieve information from central databases for storage in a library's computer.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 1.1% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Process interlibrary loans for patrons.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 20 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compile and maintain records relating to circulation, materials, and equipment.Library Technicians | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 52 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Prepare library statistics reports.Library Assistants, Clerical | 1.1% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Maintain and troubleshoot problems with library equipment, including computers, photocopiers, and audio-visual equipment.Library Technicians | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Design or maintain library web site and online catalogues.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Conduct reference searches, using printed materials and in-house and online databases.Library Technicians | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 32 min | Access to systems |
| Verify bibliographical data for materials, including author, title, publisher, publication date, and edition.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L3L2 | 80% | 10 min | Access to systems |
| Acquire books, pamphlets, periodicals, audio-visual materials, and other library supplies by checking prices, figuring costs, and preparing appropriate order forms and facilitating the ordering process by providing such information to others.Library Assistants, Clerical · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Organize and maintain periodicals and reference materials.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.4 h | Physical presence |
| Train other staff, volunteers, or student assistants and schedule and supervise their work.Library Technicians | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Take actions to halt disruption of library activities by problem patrons.Library Technicians | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review subject matter of materials to be classified and select classification numbers and headings according to classification systems.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 15 min | Access to systems |
| Send out notices about lost or overdue books.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 22 min | Access to systems |
| Claim missing issues of periodicals and journals.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 22 min | Access to systems |
| Sort and deliver library mail and packages.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Plan and conduct children's programs, community outreach programs, and other specialized programs, such as library tours.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Order all print and non-print library materials, checking prices, figuring costs, preparing order slips, and making payments.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Compile data and create statistical reports on library usage.Library Technicians | 0.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 80% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Design posters and special displays to promote use of library facilities or specific reading programs at libraries.Library Technicians | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compose explanatory summaries of contents of books and other reference materials.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Operate and maintain audio-visual equipment, such as projectors, tape recorders, and videocassette recorders.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compile bibliographies and prepare abstracts on subjects of interest to particular organizations or groups.Library Technicians · supplemental task | 0.4% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 57.1% | 64 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.545 | 85 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 0.149 | 55 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 9 | 4 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.321 | 70 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.083 | 69 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (44)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Coding, proof-reading and related clerks 4413 | 100.0 | |
| Personnel clerks 4416 | 100.0 | |
| Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified 4419 | 100.0 | |
| Filing and copying clerks 4415 | 52.9 | |
| Scribes and related workers 4414 | 47.2 | |
| Mail carriers and sorting clerks 4412 | 14.4 |
Dashed line: library clerks (57.1%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Library clerks (ISCO-08 4411), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/4411
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Library clerks (ISCO-08 4411)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/4411.json.