ISCO-08 4414
Scribes and related workers
47.2%
ADI · 194th of 433 · 95% interval 32.4–63.8
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 47.2% of the task time of scribes and related workers, and finish 2.2% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full47.2%
194th of 433 · interval 32.4–63.8
ADI3 · full delegation2.2%
116th of 433 · interval 0.0–5.8
ADIs · share of time39.0%
194th of 433 · interval 32.3–46.6
Evidence87
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 4.1 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 12.5%L1Augmentation · 40.3%L2Partial delegation · 45.0%L3Full delegation · 2.2%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
87 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administer bedside or personal care, such as ambulation or personal hygiene assistance.Personal Care Aides | 5.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare and maintain records of client progress and services performed, reporting changes in client condition to manager or supervisor.Personal Care Aides | 5.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Care for individuals or families during periods of incapacitation, family disruption, or convalescence, providing companionship, personal care, or help in adjusting to new lifestyles.Personal Care Aides | 4.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Instruct or advise clients on issues, such as household cleanliness, utilities, hygiene, nutrition, or infant care.Personal Care Aides | 4.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 25 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform healthcare-related tasks, such as monitoring vital signs and medication, under the direction of registered nurses or physiotherapists.Personal Care Aides | 4.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 15% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Train family members to provide bedside care.Personal Care Aides · supplemental task | 4.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Provide clients with communication assistance, typing their correspondence or obtaining information for them.Personal Care Aides | 4.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 30 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform housekeeping duties, such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes or dishes, or running errands.Personal Care Aides | 4.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 15% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in case reviews, consulting with the team caring for the client, to evaluate the client's needs and plan for continuing services.Personal Care Aides | 4.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan, shop for, or prepare nutritious meals or assist families in planning, shopping for, or preparing nutritious meals.Personal Care Aides · supplemental task | 3.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Transport clients to locations outside the home, such as to physicians' offices or on outings, using a motor vehicle.Personal Care Aides · supplemental task | 2.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assign work schedules, following work requirements, to ensure quality and timely delivery of service.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.3 h | Access to systems |
| Schedule guest appointments.Spa Managers | 1.2% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 10 min | Access to systems |
| Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting operations.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 1.1% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 52 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Respond to customer inquiries or complaints.Spa Managers | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 18 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 72 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct or coordinate the activities of workers, such as hotel staff or hair stylists.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Coordinate facility schedules to maximize usage and efficiency.Spa Managers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Maintain client databases.Spa Managers | 1.0% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Arrange worker breaks to ensure services are adequately staffed throughout each shift.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 35 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 52 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Sell products, services, or memberships.Spa Managers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 38 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate employee complaints and resolve problems following management rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.8 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Perform accounting duties, such as recording daily cash flow, preparing bank deposits, or generating financial statements.Spa Managers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan or direct spa services and programs.Spa Managers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 38 min | Trust and care |
| Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 30 min | Trust and care |
| Requisition necessary supplies, equipment, or services.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 45 min | Access to systems |
| Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.8 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assign work schedules, following work requirements, to ensure quality and timely delivery of service.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Direct or coordinate the activities of entertainment and recreation related workers.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Furnish customers with information on events or activities.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 10 min | Access to systems |
| Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 38 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting workers or operations.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 45 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | – |
| Plan, direct, or supervise recreational and entertainment activities led by staff, such as sports, aquatics, games, or performing arts.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide staff with assistance in performing difficult or complicated duties.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 30 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 7.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Requisition supplies and equipment necessary for workers to facilitate recreational or entertainment activities, such as safety harnesses, flash lights, or first aid kits.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 38 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Serve as a point of contact between managerial staff and leaders of recreational or entertainment activities.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 45 min | Trust and care |
| Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Collaborate with staff members to plan or develop programs of events or schedules of activities.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Analyze and record personnel or operational data and write related activity reports.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.3 h | Access to systems |
| Inform management about problems, such as employee disputes.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 30 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor operations to ensure compliance with applicable health, safety, or hygiene standards.Spa Managers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Schedule staff or supervise scheduling.Spa Managers | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Inform staff of job responsibilities, performance expectations, client service standards, or corporate policies and guidelines.Spa Managers | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inventory products and order new supplies.Spa Managers | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 3.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct facility maintenance or repair.Spa Managers | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assess employee performance and suggest ways to improve work.Spa Managers | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.5 h | Trust and care |
| Develop or implement marketing strategies.Spa Managers | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Check spa equipment to ensure proper functioning.Spa Managers | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Train staff in the use or sale of products, programs, or activities.Spa Managers | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Develop staff service or retail goals and guide staff in goal achievement.Spa Managers | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Establish spa budgets and financial goals.Spa Managers | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Recruit, interview, or hire employees.Spa Managers | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Direct marketing, advertising, or other customer recruitment efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Inspect materials, stock, vehicles, equipment, or facilities to ensure that they are safe, free of defects, and consistent with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 35 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 35 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Requisition necessary supplies, equipment, or services.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Recommend and implement measures to improve worker motivation, work methods, or customer services.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 3.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 50% | 1.8 h | – |
| Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting operations.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 52 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 30 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Explain and demonstrate work tasks to new workers or assign training tasks to experienced workers.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Enforce safety rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct or coordinate the activities of workers, such as flight or car attendants.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Confer with customers, supervisors, contractors, or other personnel to exchange information or to resolve problems.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 25 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compute or estimate cash, payroll, transportation, or personnel requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Analyze and record personnel or operational data and write related activity reports.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Verify staff credentials, such as educational and certification requirements.Spa Managers | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 45 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Participate in continuing education classes to maintain current knowledge of industry.Spa Managers | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 47.2% | 55 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.331 | 52 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.073 | 51 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 23.439 | 16 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.168 | 51 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.06 | 65 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (44)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Coding, proof-reading and related clerks 4413 | 100.0 | |
| Personnel clerks 4416 | 100.0 | |
| Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified 4419 | 100.0 | |
| Library clerks 4411 | 57.1 | |
| Filing and copying clerks 4415 | 52.9 | |
| Mail carriers and sorting clerks 4412 | 14.4 |
Dashed line: scribes and related workers (47.2%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Scribes and related workers (ISCO-08 4414), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/4414
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Scribes and related workers (ISCO-08 4414)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/4414.json.