ISCO-08 2651
Visual artists
53.9%
ADI · 173rd of 433 · 95% interval 37.6–69.3
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 53.9% of the task time of visual artists, and finish 0.0% alone. Most of the rest requires physical presence.
ADI · partial or full53.9%
173rd of 433 · interval 37.6–69.3
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time37.8%
202nd of 433 · interval 30.0–44.9
Evidence44
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 0.4 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 24.5%L1Augmentation · 21.6%L2Partial delegation · 53.9%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
44 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use materials such as pens and ink, watercolors, charcoal, oil, or computer software to create artwork.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 5.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 6.0 h | Physical presence |
| Integrate and develop visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective, to produce desired effects, such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 4.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 3.5 h | Physical presence |
| Create sculptures, statues, and other three-dimensional artwork by using abrasives and tools to shape, carve, and fabricate materials such as clay, stone, wood, or metal.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 4.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 25 h | Physical presence |
| Shade and fill in sketch outlines and backgrounds, using a variety of media such as water colors, markers, and transparent washes, labeling designated colors when necessary.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 3.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 2.3 h | Physical presence |
| Model substances such as clay or wax, using fingers and small hand tools to form objects.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 3.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2.5 h | Physical presence |
| Select materials for use based on strength, color, texture, balance, weight, size, malleability and other characteristics.Craft Artists | 3.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 1.0 h | Physical presence |
| Submit preliminary or finished artwork or project plans to clients for approval, incorporating changes as necessary.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.0 h | Trust and care |
| Render drawings, illustrations, and sketches of buildings, manufactured products, or models, working from sketches, blueprints, memory, models, or reference materials.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 3.0 h | – |
| Confer with clients, editors, writers, art directors, and other interested parties regarding the nature and content of artwork to be produced.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.0 h | Trust and care |
| Cut, bend, laminate, arrange, and fasten individual or mixed raw and manufactured materials and products to form works of art.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 10% | 5.5 h | Physical presence |
| Apply solvents and cleaning agents to clean surfaces of paintings, and to remove accretions, discolorations, and deteriorated varnish.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Create functional or decorative objects by hand, using a variety of methods and materials.Craft Artists | 2.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 5.5 h | Physical presence |
| Cut, shape, fit, join, mold, or otherwise process materials, using hand tools, power tools, or machinery.Craft Artists | 2.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 2.3 h | Physical presence |
| Apply finishes to objects being crafted.Craft Artists | 2.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 2.0 h | Physical presence |
| Study different techniques to learn how to apply them to artistic endeavors.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 48% | 4.0 h | Physical presence |
Show the other 29 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market artwork through brochures, mailings, or Web sites.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 2.4% | L2 | L2L3 | 70% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Develop project budgets for approval, estimating time lines and material costs.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.0 h | – |
| Create finished art work as decoration, or to elucidate or substitute for spoken or written messages.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 7.0 h | Physical presence |
| Create sketches, profiles, or likenesses of posed subjects or photographs, using any combination of freehand drawing, mechanical assembly kits, and computer imaging.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.5 h | Physical presence |
| Frame and mat artwork for display or sale.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.5 h | Physical presence |
| Create and prepare sketches and model drawings of cartoon characters, providing details from memory, live models, manufactured products, or reference materials.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.3 h | Physical presence |
| Develop concepts or creative ideas for craft objects.Craft Artists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 3.0 h | – |
| Trace drawings onto clear acetate for painting or coloring, or trace them with ink to make final copies.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.1% | L1 | L2L1 | 35% | 1.8 h | Physical presence |
| Collaborate with engineers, mechanics, and other technical experts as necessary to build and install creations.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 2.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Photograph objects, places, or scenes for reference material.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 2.0% | L0 | L1L0 | 12% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain portfolios of artistic work to demonstrate styles, interests, and abilities.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Sketch or draw objects to be crafted.Craft Artists | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.4 h | – |
| Monitor events, trends, and other circumstances, research specific subject areas, attend art exhibitions, and read art publications to develop ideas and keep current on art world activities.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set specifications for materials, dimensions, and finishes.Craft Artists | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.5 h | – |
| Advertise products and work, using media such as internet advertising and brochures.Craft Artists | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Brush or spray protective or decorative finishes on completed background panels, informational legends, exhibit accessories, or finished paintings.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 1.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.1 h | Physical presence |
| Set up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 28 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach artistic techniques to children or adults.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 1.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Submit artwork to shows or galleries.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with writers who create ideas, stories, or captions that are combined with artists' work.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.5 h | Trust and care |
| Pack products for shipping.Craft Artists | 1.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 20 min | Physical presence |
| Fabricate patterns or templates to guide craft production.Craft Artists | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 2.5 h | Physical presence |
| Provide entertainment at special events by performing activities such as drawing cartoons.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 1.6 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Create prototypes or models of objects to be crafted.Craft Artists | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 4.0 h | Physical presence |
| Confer with customers to assess customer needs or obtain feedback.Craft Artists | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 38 min | Trust and care |
| Develop designs using specialized computer software.Craft Artists · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.5 h | – |
| Develop product packaging, display, and pricing strategies.Craft Artists | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 4.0 h | Physical presence |
| Research craft trends, venues, and customer buying patterns to inspire designs and marketing strategies.Craft Artists · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Plan and attend craft shows to market products.Craft Artists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 15 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 53.9% | 60 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.343 | 53 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.672 | 35 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 52 | 41 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.091 | 36 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.27 | 89 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (26)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Economists 2631 | 94.5 | |
| Authors and related writers 2641 | 92.9 | |
| Translators, interpreters and other linguists 2643 | 89.3 | |
| Philosophers, historians and political scientists 2633 | 88.4 | |
| Lawyers 2611 | 83.3 | |
| Journalists 2642 | 82.7 | |
| Legal professionals not elsewhere classified 2619 | 80.8 | |
| Announcers on radio, television and other media 2656 | 80.2 | |
| Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2632 | 76.4 | |
| Archivists and curators 2621 | 71.6 | |
| Film, stage and related directors and producers 2654 | 69.1 | |
| Psychologists 2634 | 66.1 |
Dashed line: visual artists (53.9%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Visual artists (ISCO-08 2651), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2651
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Visual artists (ISCO-08 2651)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2651.json.