ISCO-08 2631
Economists
94.5%
ADI · 37th of 433 · 95% interval 84.7–100.0
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 94.5% of the task time of economists, and finish 0.0% alone.
ADI · partial or full94.5%
37th of 433 · interval 84.7–100.0
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time62.3%
40th of 433 · interval 59.0–64.9
Evidence34
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 0.4 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 5.5%L2Partial delegation · 94.5%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
34 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture.Economists | 6.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques.Economists | 4.9% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Review documents written by others.Economists | 4.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.3 h | – |
| Conduct research on economic and environmental topics, such as alternative fuel use, public and private land use, soil conservation, air and water pollution control, and endangered species protection.Environmental Economists | 4.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Supervise research projects and students' study projects.Economists | 4.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 2.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers.Economists | 3.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets.Economists | 3.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Trust and care |
| Collect and analyze data to compare the environmental implications of economic policy or practice alternatives.Environmental Economists | 3.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Write technical documents or academic articles to communicate study results or economic forecasts.Environmental Economists | 3.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 8.0 h | – |
| Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations.Economists | 3.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 25 h | Access to systems |
| Explain economic impact of policies to the public.Economists | 3.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 3.5 h | Trust and care |
| Conduct research on economic issues, and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals.Economists | 3.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 65 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop economic guidelines and standards, and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy.Economists | 3.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 11 h | Trust and care |
| Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.Economists | 3.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 2.3 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Assess the costs and benefits of various activities, policies, or regulations that affect the environment or natural resource stocks.Environmental Economists | 3.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 24 h | Access to systems |
Show the other 19 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demonstrate or promote the economic benefits of sound environmental regulations.Environmental Economists | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Trust and care |
| Conduct research to study the relationships among environmental problems and patterns of economic production and consumption.Environmental Economists | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 24 h | Access to systems |
| Perform complex, dynamic, and integrated mathematical modeling of ecological, environmental, or economic systems.Environmental Economists | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 22 h | – |
| Develop economic models, forecasts, or scenarios to predict future economic and environmental outcomes.Environmental Economists | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 10 h | Access to systems |
| Teach courses in environmental economics.Environmental Economists | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop programs or policy recommendations to achieve environmental goals in cost-effective ways.Environmental Economists | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 25 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare and deliver presentations to communicate economic and environmental study results, to present policy recommendations, or to raise awareness of environmental consequences.Environmental Economists | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 5.0 h | Trust and care |
| Monitor or analyze market and environmental trends.Environmental Economists | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Examine the exhaustibility of natural resources or the long-term costs of environmental rehabilitation.Environmental Economists | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Develop programs or policy recommendations to promote sustainability and sustainable development.Environmental Economists | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 30 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write social, legal, or economic impact statements to inform decision makers for natural resource policies, standards, or programs.Environmental Economists | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 12 h | Access to systems |
| Develop systems for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting environmental and economic data.Environmental Economists | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness.Economists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 40 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources.Economists · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 10 h | Access to systems |
| Develop environmental research project plans, including information on budgets, goals, deliverables, timelines, and resource requirements.Environmental Economists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Write research proposals and grant applications to obtain private or public funding for environmental and economic studies.Environmental Economists | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 40 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Testify at regulatory or legislative hearings concerning the estimated effects of changes in legislation or public policy, and present recommendations based on cost-benefit analyses.Economists | 1.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 12 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Identify and recommend environmentally friendly business practices.Environmental Economists · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Interpret indicators to ascertain the overall health of an environment.Environmental Economists · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 3.0 h | – |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 94.5% | 92 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.553 | 85 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 1.404 | 98 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 87 | 86 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.569 | 91 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.242 | 88 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (26)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Authors and related writers 2641 | 92.9 | |
| Translators, interpreters and other linguists 2643 | 89.3 | |
| Philosophers, historians and political scientists 2633 | 88.4 | |
| Lawyers 2611 | 83.3 | |
| Journalists 2642 | 82.7 | |
| Legal professionals not elsewhere classified 2619 | 80.8 | |
| Announcers on radio, television and other media 2656 | 80.2 | |
| Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2632 | 76.4 | |
| Archivists and curators 2621 | 71.6 | |
| Film, stage and related directors and producers 2654 | 69.1 | |
| Psychologists 2634 | 66.1 | |
| Judges 2612 | 63.1 |
Dashed line: economists (94.5%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Economists (ISCO-08 2631), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2631
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Economists (ISCO-08 2631)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2631.json.