ISCO-08 2431
Advertising and marketing professionals
97.2%
ADI · 21st of 433 · 95% interval 93.0–100.0
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 97.2% of the task time of advertising and marketing professionals, and finish 7.0% alone.
ADI · partial or full97.2%
21st of 433 · interval 93.0–100.0
ADI3 · full delegation7.0%
54th of 433 · interval 0.0–16.6
ADIs · share of time67.1%
16th of 433 · interval 63.9–70.1
Evidence49
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 4.8 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 2.8%L2Partial delegation · 90.3%L3Full delegation · 7.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
49 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collect and analyze data on customer demographics, preferences, needs, and buying habits to identify potential markets and factors affecting product demand.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 5.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Conduct research on consumer opinions and marketing strategies, collaborating with marketing professionals, statisticians, pollsters, and other professionals.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 5.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Prepare reports of findings, illustrating data graphically and translating complex findings into written text.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 5.1% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 4.0 h | – |
| Devise and evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, or questionnaires, or arrange to obtain existing data.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 5.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Measure and assess customer and employee satisfaction.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 4.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Monitor industry statistics and follow trends in trade literature.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 4.1% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 2.0 h | Access to systems |
| Measure the effectiveness of marketing, advertising, and communications programs and strategies.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 3.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 7.0 h | Access to systems |
| Forecast and track marketing and sales trends, analyzing collected data.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 3.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 5.0 h | Access to systems |
| Gather data on competitors and analyze their prices, sales, and method of marketing and distribution.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 3.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 75% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Seek and provide information to help companies determine their position in the marketplace.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 3.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Attend staff conferences to provide management with information and proposals concerning the promotion, distribution, design, and pricing of company products or services.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 2.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 6.5 h | – |
| Develop factors such as themes, plots, characterizations, psychological analyses, historical environments, action, and dialogue to create material.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 6.0 h | – |
| Direct trained survey interviewers.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 2.5 h | Trust and care |
| Choose subject matter and suitable form to express personal feelings and experiences or ideas, or to narrate stories or events.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.5 h | – |
Show the other 34 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Trust and care |
| Write narrative, dramatic, lyric, or other types of poetry for publication.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · supplemental task | 2.1% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 3.5 h | – |
| Develop and implement procedures for identifying advertising needs.Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write words to fit musical compositions, including lyrics for operas, musical plays, and choral works.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 5.5 h | – |
| Adapt text to accommodate musical requirements of composers and singers.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · supplemental task | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 2.0 h | – |
| Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.Writers and Authors | 1.6% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 38 min | – |
| Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.Writers and Authors | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Trust and care |
| Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 2.0 h | – |
| Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.3 h | Access to systems |
| Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.Writers and Authors | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 1.0 h | Trust and care |
| Present drafts and ideas to clients.Writers and Authors | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.0 h | Trust and care |
| Confer with clients, editors, publishers, or producers to discuss changes or revisions to written material.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 52 min | Trust and care |
| Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 3.0 h | Trust and care |
| Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 5.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Work with staff to develop script, story, or advertising concepts.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.5 h | Trust and care |
| Write advertising material for use by publication, broadcast, or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 80% | 2.5 h | – |
| Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 6.5 h | – |
| Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 70% | 2.5 h | – |
| Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 2.5 h | – |
| Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising written material.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the script, story, or advertisement message is more readily received.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 1.8 h | – |
| Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 3.0 h | Trust and care |
| Write humorous material for publication, or for performances such as comedy routines, gags, and comedy shows.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 3.0 h | – |
| Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.Writers and Authors | 1.2% | L2 | L2L3 | 82% | 2.5 h | – |
| Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products.Writers and Authors | 1.0% | L2 | L3L2 | 75% | 4.0 h | – |
| Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 3.0 h | – |
| Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted.Writers and Authors · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 7.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 2.8 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Attend book launches and publicity events, or conduct public readings.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 11% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach writing classes.Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 45% | 1.5 h | Trust and care |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 97.2% | 95 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.707 | 94 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 1.207 | 87 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 55 | 48 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.62 | 95 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.447 | 98 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (24)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Training and staff development professionals 2424 | 100.0 | |
| Accountants 2411 | 97.0 | |
| Financial and investment advisers 2412 | 95.2 | |
| Financial analysts 2413 | 93.9 | |
| Public relations professionals 2432 | 93.0 | |
| Management and organisation analysts 2421 | 92.5 | |
| Information and communications technology sales professionals 2434 | 90.8 | |
| Policy administration professionals 2422 | 90.6 | |
| Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) 2433 | 89.5 | |
| Personnel and careers professionals 2423 | 84.9 |
Dashed line: advertising and marketing professionals (97.2%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Advertising and marketing professionals (ISCO-08 2431), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2431
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Advertising and marketing professionals (ISCO-08 2431)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2431.json.