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Balam Labs
ISCO-08 2423

Personnel and careers professionals

84.9%
ADI · 96th of 433 · 95% interval 76.4–92.1

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 84.9% of the task time of personnel and careers professionals, and finish 1.9% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full84.9%

96th of 433 · interval 76.4–92.1

ADI3 · full delegation1.9%

123rd of 433 · interval 0.0–5.3

ADIs · share of time57.1%

74th of 433 · interval 54.0–59.9

Evidence111

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 4.8 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

15%
83%
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 15.1%L2Partial delegation · 83.0%L3Full delegation · 1.9%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence4%
Accountability31%
Trust and care54%
Access to systems69%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

111 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Administer employee insurance, pension, and savings plans, working with insurance brokers and plan carriers.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists3.2%L2L2L258%2.8 hAccountability, Access to systems
Evaluate job positions, determining classification, exempt or non-exempt status, and salary.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task2.4%L2L2L262%3.3 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Ensure company compliance with federal and state laws, including reporting requirements.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists2.3%L2L2L258%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Consult with, or serve as, technical liaison between business, industry, government, and union officials.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task2.3%L1L1L128%2.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Investigate and evaluate union complaints or arguments to determine viability.Labor Relations Specialists2.2%L2L2L258%3.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Research employee benefit and health and safety practices, and recommend changes or modifications to existing policies.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists2.1%L2L2L268%6.0 hAccess to systems
Develop and administer compensation programs, such as merit or incentive pay.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task2.1%L2L2L258%22 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Advise managers and employees on state and federal employment regulations, collective agreements, benefit and compensation policies, personnel procedures, and classification programs.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists2.0%L2L2L260%1.1 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare occupational classifications, job descriptions, and salary scales.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task2.0%L2L2L265%3.3 hAccess to systems
Provide advice on the resolution of classification and salary complaints.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.9%L2L2L258%1.8 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Review employer practices or employee data to ensure compliance with contracts on matters such as wages, hours, or conditions of employment.Labor Relations Specialists1.9%L2L2L265%4.0 hAccess to systems
Mediate discussions between employer and employee representatives in attempt to reconcile differences.Labor Relations Specialists1.7%L1L1L118%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care
Interpret contractual agreements for employers and employees engaged in collective bargaining or other labor relations processes.Labor Relations Specialists1.7%L2L2L260%1.5 hTrust and care
Monitor company or workforce adherence to labor agreements.Labor Relations Specialists1.6%L2L2L258%3.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Advise staff of individuals' qualifications.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.5%L2L2L265%45 minAccess to systems
Show the other 96 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Prepare evidence for disciplinary hearings, including preparing witnesses to testify.Labor Relations Specialists1.5%L2L2L258%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Call or meet with union, company, government, or other interested parties to discuss labor relations matters, such as contract negotiations or grievances.Labor Relations Specialists1.5%L1L1L232%1.4 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Research case law or outcomes of previous case hearings.Labor Relations Specialists1.5%L2L2L270%3.0 hAccess to systems
Perform multifactor data and cost analyses that may be used in areas such as support of collective bargaining agreements.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.4%L2L2L270%6.0 hAccess to systems
Advise management on matters related to the administration of contracts or employee discipline or grievance procedures.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task1.4%L2L2L258%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Propose resolutions for collective bargaining or other labor or contract negotiations.Labor Relations Specialists1.3%L2L2L252%4.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Develop, implement, administer, and evaluate personnel and labor relations programs, including performance appraisal, affirmative action, and employment equity programs.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.3%L2L2L258%22 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan, develop, evaluate, improve, and communicate methods and techniques for selecting, promoting, compensating, evaluating, and training workers.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.2%L2L2L260%8.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Schedule or coordinate the details of grievance hearings or other meetings.Labor Relations Specialists1.2%L3L3L378%52 minAccess to systems
Review and approve employee disciplinary actions, such as written reprimands, suspensions, or terminations.Labor Relations Specialists1.2%L2L2L258%1.1 hAccountability, Access to systems
Recommend collective bargaining strategies, goals, or objectives.Labor Relations Specialists1.2%L2L2L258%5.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Draft contract proposals or counter-proposals for collective bargaining or other labor negotiations.Labor Relations Specialists1.2%L2L2L265%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Negotiate collective bargaining agreements.Labor Relations Specialists1.2%L1L1L232%40 hAccountability, Trust and care
Assess risk levels associated with collective bargaining strategies.Labor Relations Specialists1.1%L2L2L260%5.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Identify alternatives to proposals of unions, employees, companies, or government agencies.Labor Relations Specialists1.1%L2L2L258%2.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Assess the impact of union proposals on company or government operations.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task1.1%L2L2L265%5.0 hAccess to systems
Assist in preparing and maintaining personnel records and handbooks.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists1.0%L2L2L265%1.8 hAccess to systems
Interpret and explain human resources policies, procedures, laws, standards, or regulations.Human Resources Specialists1.0%L2L2L375%38 minTrust and care
Write letters related to labor relations activities, such as letters to amend collective bargaining agreements, letters of dispute or conciliation, or letters to seek clarification of contract terms.Labor Relations Specialists1.0%L2L2L378%1.5 hAccess to systems
Observe, interview, and survey employees and conduct focus group meetings to collect job, organizational, and occupational information.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L248%5.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare reports, such as organization and flow charts and career path reports, to summarize job analysis and evaluation and compensation analysis information.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L375%3.5 hAccess to systems
Research job and worker requirements, structural and functional relationships among jobs and occupations, and occupational trends.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L270%3.5 hAccess to systems
Assess need for and develop job analysis instruments and materials.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L262%6.0 hAccess to systems
Draft rules or regulations to govern collective bargaining activities in collaboration with company, government, or employee representatives.Labor Relations Specialists1.0%L2L2L258%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care
Train managers or supervisors on topics related to labor relations, such as working conditions, safety, or equal opportunity practices.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L260%5.0 hTrust and care
Present the position of the company or of labor during arbitration or other labor negotiations.Labor Relations Specialists0.9%L1L1L235%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Analyze organizational, occupational, and industrial data to facilitate organizational functions and provide technical information to business, industry, and government.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L265%4.0 hAccess to systems
Review and evaluate applicant qualifications or eligibility for specified licensing, according to established guidelines and designated licensing codes.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L372%38 minAccountability, Access to systems
Select mediators or arbitrators for labor disputes or contract negotiations.Labor Relations Specialists0.8%L2L2L255%3.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Review employment applications and job orders to match applicants with job requirements.Human Resources Specialists0.8%L2L3L280%25 minAccountability
Hire employees and process hiring-related paperwork.Human Resources Specialists0.8%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare or maintain employment records related to events, such as hiring, termination, leaves, transfers, or promotions, using human resources management system software.Human Resources Specialists0.8%L2L2L270%25 minAccess to systems
Counsel students regarding educational issues, such as course and program selection, class scheduling and registration, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.8%L2L2L245%48 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain accurate and complete student records as required by laws, district policies, and administrative regulations.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.8%L2L2L262%30 minAccountability, Access to systems
Counsel individuals or groups to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems affecting their educational or vocational situations.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.8%L1L1L232%55 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan and develop curricula and materials for training programs and conduct training.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists0.8%L2L2L262%8.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Develop methods to monitor employee satisfaction with policies or working conditions, including grievance or complaint procedures.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L265%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Develop employee health and safety policies.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L262%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Administer employee benefit plans.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L258%2.4 hAccountability, Access to systems
Inform job applicants of details such as duties and responsibilities, compensation, benefits, schedules, working conditions, or promotion opportunities.Human Resources Specialists0.8%L2L3L272%30 minAccess to systems
Prepare students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.8%L1L1L232%1.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Select qualified job applicants or refer them to managers, making hiring recommendations when appropriate.Human Resources Specialists0.7%L2L2L265%1.4 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Schedule or administer skill, intelligence, psychological, or drug tests for current or prospective employees.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L260%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Prepare reports or presentations to communicate employee satisfaction or related data to management.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L375%4.0 hAccess to systems
Contact job applicants to inform them of the status of their applications.Human Resources Specialists0.7%L3L3L382%15 minAccess to systems
Review transcripts to ensure that students meet graduation or college entrance requirements, and write letters of recommendation.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.7%L2L2L268%52 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain current knowledge of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action guidelines and laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).Human Resources Specialists0.7%L2L2L375%2.0 h–
Negotiate collective agreements on behalf of employers or workers, and mediate labor disputes and grievances.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L1L1L230%22 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Refer students to degree programs based on interests, aptitudes, or educational assessments.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.6%L2L2L265%52 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Confer with parents or guardians, teachers, administrators, and other professionals to discuss children's progress, resolve behavioral, academic, and other problems, and to determine priorities for students and their resource needs.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.6%L1L1L230%1.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Conduct reference or background checks on job applicants.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L260%2.3 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Perform searches for qualified job candidates, using sources such as computer databases, networking, Internet recruiting resources, media advertisements, job fairs, recruiting firms, or employee referrals.Human Resources Specialists0.6%L2L2L262%3.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Provide expert testimony in legal proceedings related to labor relations or labor contracts.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L1L1L235%7.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide students with information on topics such as college degree programs and admission requirements, financial aid opportunities, trade and technical schools, and apprenticeship programs.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.6%L2L3L272%38 minTrust and care
Evaluate students' or individuals' abilities, interests, and personality characteristics, using tests, records, interviews, or professional sources.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.6%L2L2L255%1.8 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Interview job applicants to obtain information on work history, training, education, or job skills.Human Resources Specialists0.6%L2L2L265%45 minTrust and care
Address employee relations issues, such as harassment allegations, work complaints, or other employee concerns.Human Resources Specialists0.6%L1L1L235%3.5 hAccountability, Trust and care
Advise management on organizing, preparing, or implementing recruiting or retention programs.Human Resources Specialists0.6%L2L2L260%4.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Establish and enforce administration policies and rules governing student behavior.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L245%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Schedule or conduct new employee orientations.Human Resources Specialists0.6%L2L2L260%3.0 hTrust and care
Prepare and submit required governmental reports or forms related to labor relations matters, such as equal employment opportunity (EEO) forms, new hire forms, or minority compensation reports.Labor Relations Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L270%1.9 hAccountability, Access to systems
Maintain and update human resources documents, such as organizational charts, employee handbooks or directories, or performance evaluation forms.Human Resources Specialists0.5%L2L2L270%1.8 hAccess to systems
Evaluate recruitment or selection criteria to ensure conformance to professional, statistical, or testing standards, recommending revisions, as needed.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L260%3.5 hAccess to systems
Provide crisis intervention to students when difficult situations occur at schools.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.5%L1L1L118%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Analyze employment-related data and prepare required reports.Human Resources Specialists0.5%L2L2L272%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Provide management with information or training related to interviewing, performance appraisals, counseling techniques, or documentation of performance issues.Human Resources Specialists0.5%L2L2L262%3.5 hTrust and care
Assess needs for assistance, such as rehabilitation, financial aid, or additional vocational training, and refer clients to the appropriate services.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.5%L2L2L252%1.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Refer students to outside counseling services.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.5%L2L2L255%38 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Confer with management to develop or implement personnel policies or procedures.Human Resources Specialists0.5%L1L1L235%2.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Develop or implement recruiting strategies to meet current or anticipated staffing needs.Human Resources Specialists0.5%L2L2L262%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Conduct follow-up interviews with counselees to determine if their needs have been met.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.5%L2L2L258%38 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Conduct exit interviews and ensure that necessary employment termination paperwork is completed.Human Resources Specialists0.5%L2L2L258%1.8 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Identify cases of domestic abuse or other family problems and encourage students or parents to seek additional assistance from mental health professionals.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.5%L1L1L232%45 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Attend meetings, educational conferences, and training workshops, and serve on committees.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.4%L1L1L128%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide students with disabilities with assistive devices, supportive technology, and assistance accessing facilities, such as restrooms.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.4%L1L1L225%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Interview clients to obtain information about employment history, educational background, and career goals, and to identify barriers to employment.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L255%52 minTrust and care
Instruct individuals in career development techniques, such as job search and application strategies, resume writing, and interview skills.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.4%L2L2L260%1.0 hTrust and care
Prepare reports on students and activities as required by administration.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.4%L2L2L270%2.0 hAccess to systems
Coordinate with outside staffing agencies to secure temporary employees, based on departmental needs.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L260%2.4 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Evaluate selection or testing techniques by conducting research or follow-up activities and conferring with management or supervisory personnel.Human Resources Specialists · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L260%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Plan, direct, and participate in recruitment and enrollment activities.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.4%L2L2L252%5.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Teach classes and present self-help or information sessions on subjects related to education and career planning.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.4%L2L2L250%1.8 hAccountability, Trust and care
Provide information for teachers and staff members involved in helping students or graduates identify and pursue employment opportunities.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.4%L2L2L268%1.5 hAccess to systems
Supervise, train, and direct professional staff and interns.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.4%L1L1L230%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Observe students during classroom and play activities to evaluate students' performance, behavior, social development, and physical health.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.4%L1L1L112%52 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Compile and study occupational, educational, and economic information to assist counselees in determining and carrying out vocational and educational objectives.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L268%1.8 hTrust and care
Plan and conduct orientation programs and group conferences to promote the adjustment of individuals to new life experiences, such as starting college.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.3%L2L2L252%6.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Collaborate with teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of school programs and in the preparation of master schedules for curriculum offerings.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.3%L2L2L248%7.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Address community groups, faculty, and staff members to explain available counseling services.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.3%L2L2L248%1.3 hTrust and care
Establish and supervise peer-counseling and peer-tutoring programs.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L245%22 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan and promote career and employment-related programs and events, such as career planning presentations, work experience programs, job fairs, and career workshops.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors0.3%L2L2L255%6.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide special services such as alcohol and drug prevention programs and classes that teach students to handle conflicts without resorting to violence.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L238%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare research results for publication in form of journals, books, manuals, and film.Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L265%9.0 hAccountability
Establish contacts with employers to create internship and employment opportunities for students.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L258%2.4 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Refer qualified counselees to employers or employment services for job placement.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L260%52 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Sponsor extracurricular activities, such as clubs, student organizations, and academic contests.Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L242%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentile
ADI (this index)84.9%78
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.50679
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure1.31495
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure43.33332
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.5490
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.10973

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (24)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: personnel and careers professionals (84.9%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Personnel and careers professionals (ISCO-08 2423), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2423

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Personnel and careers professionals (ISCO-08 2423)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2423.json.