ISCO-08 2264
Physiotherapists
46.7%
ADI · 199th of 433 · 95% interval 32.1–61.2
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 46.7% of the task time of physiotherapists, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full46.7%
199th of 433 · interval 32.1–61.2
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time39.3%
189th of 433 · interval 33.1–45.4
Evidence49
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 2.2 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 14.3%L1Augmentation · 39.0%L2Partial delegation · 46.7%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
49 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Develop exercise programs to improve participant strength, flexibility, endurance, or circulatory functioning, in accordance with exercise science standards, regulatory requirements, and credentialing requirements.Exercise Physiologists | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Demonstrate correct use of exercise equipment or performance of exercise routines.Exercise Physiologists | 3.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 30 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Recommend methods to increase lifestyle physical activity.Exercise Physiologists | 3.2% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Interpret exercise program participant data to evaluate progress or identify needed program changes.Exercise Physiologists | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 30 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide clinical oversight of exercise for participants at all risk levels.Exercise Physiologists | 3.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan, prepare, or carry out individually designed programs of physical treatment to maintain, improve, or restore physical functioning, alleviate pain, or prevent physical dysfunction in patients.Physical Therapists | 3.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prescribe individualized exercise programs, specifying equipment, such as treadmill, exercise bicycle, ergometers, or perceptual goggles.Exercise Physiologists | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record prognosis, treatment, response, and progress in patient's chart or enter information into computer.Physical Therapists | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 15 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Administer manual exercises, massage, or traction to help relieve pain, increase patient strength, or decrease or prevent deformity or crippling.Physical Therapists | 2.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 32 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Evaluate effects of treatment at various stages and adjust treatments to achieve maximum benefit.Physical Therapists | 2.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct, supervise, assess, and communicate with supportive personnel.Physical Therapists | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Confer with the patient, medical practitioners, or appropriate others to plan, implement, or assess the intervention program.Physical Therapists | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Explain exercise program or physiological testing procedures to participants.Exercise Physiologists | 2.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 20 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Test and measure patient's strength, motor development and function, sensory perception, functional capacity, or respiratory or circulatory efficiency and record data.Physical Therapists | 2.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess physical performance requirements to aid in the development of individualized recovery or rehabilitation exercise programs.Exercise Physiologists | 2.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 34 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perform and document an initial exam, evaluating data to identify problems and determine a diagnosis prior to intervention.Physical Therapists | 2.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Interview participants to obtain medical history or assess participant goals.Exercise Physiologists | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify and document goals, anticipated progress, and plans for reevaluation.Physical Therapists | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 20 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Instruct patient and family in treatment procedures to be continued at home.Physical Therapists | 2.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Obtain patients' informed consent to proposed interventions.Physical Therapists | 2.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 15 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review physician's referral and patient's medical records to help determine diagnosis and physical therapy treatment required.Physical Therapists | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 35 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide information to the patient about the proposed intervention, its material risks and expected benefits, and any reasonable alternatives.Physical Therapists | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 18 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide educational information about physical therapy or physical therapists, injury prevention, ergonomics, or ways to promote health.Physical Therapists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 52 min | Trust and care |
| Administer treatment involving application of physical agents, using equipment, moist packs, ultraviolet or infrared lamps, or ultrasound machines.Physical Therapists | 2.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Discharge patient from physical therapy when goals or projected outcomes have been attained and provide for appropriate follow-up care or referrals.Physical Therapists | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach group exercise for low-, medium-, or high-risk clients to improve participant strength, flexibility, endurance, or circulatory functioning.Exercise Physiologists | 1.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Conduct stress tests, using electrocardiograph (EKG) machines.Exercise Physiologists | 1.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach behavior modification classes related to topics such as stress management or weight control.Exercise Physiologists | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Measure oxygen consumption or lung functioning, using spirometers.Exercise Physiologists | 1.7% | L0 | L1L0 | 10% | 32 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Educate athletes or coaches on techniques to improve athletic performance, such as heart rate monitoring, recovery techniques, hydration strategies, or training limits.Exercise Physiologists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.3 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Provide emergency or other appropriate medical care to participants with symptoms or signs of physical distress.Exercise Physiologists | 1.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Measure amount of body fat, using such equipment as hydrostatic scale, skinfold calipers, or tape measures.Exercise Physiologists | 1.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 25 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Calibrate exercise or testing equipment.Exercise Physiologists | 1.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform routine laboratory tests of blood samples for cholesterol level or glucose tolerance.Exercise Physiologists | 1.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Supervise maintenance of exercise or exercise testing equipment.Exercise Physiologists | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inform patients and refer to appropriate practitioners when diagnosis reveals findings outside physical therapy.Physical Therapists | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 28 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Refer clients to community resources or services.Physical Therapists | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 22 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach courses or seminars related to exercise or diet for patients, athletes, or community groups.Exercise Physiologists | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Evaluate staff performance in leading group exercise or conducting diagnostic tests.Exercise Physiologists | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Construct, maintain, or repair medical supportive devices.Physical Therapists | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct or support research and apply research findings to practice.Physical Therapists | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.8 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Mentor or train staff to lead group exercise.Exercise Physiologists | 1.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Order or recommend diagnostic procedures, such as stress tests, drug screenings, or urinary tests.Exercise Physiologists | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 25 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate, fit, or adjust prosthetic or orthotic devices or recommend modification to orthotist.Physical Therapists | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 14% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach physical therapy students or those in other health professions.Physical Therapists | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Plan or conduct exercise physiology research projects.Exercise Physiologists | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct group rehabilitation activities.Physical Therapists · supplemental task | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in community or community agency activities or help to formulate public policy.Physical Therapists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Present exercise knowledge, program information, or research study findings at professional meetings or conferences.Exercise Physiologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 46.7% | 54 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.251 | 42 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.196 | 46 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 85.5 | 84 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.071 | 29 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.009 | 41 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (22)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Dieticians and nutritionists 2265 | 87.0 | |
| Pharmacists 2262 | 77.6 | |
| Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals 2263 | 69.5 | |
| Generalist medical practitioners 2211 | 56.2 | |
| Specialist medical practitioners 2212 | 52.9 | |
| Traditional and complementary medicine professionals 2230 | 47.8 | |
| Audiologists and speech therapists 2266 | 47.0 | |
| Health professionals not elsewhere classified 2269 | 46.0 | |
| Nursing professionals 2221 | 44.4 | |
| Paramedical practitioners 2240 | 35.6 | |
| Midwifery professionals 2222 | 33.7 | |
| Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians 2267 | 30.7 |
Dashed line: physiotherapists (46.7%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Physiotherapists (ISCO-08 2264), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2264
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Physiotherapists (ISCO-08 2264)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2264.json.