ISCO-08 2221
Nursing professionals
44.4%
ADI · 207th of 433 · 95% interval 37.4–51.7
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 44.4% of the task time of nursing professionals, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full44.4%
207th of 433 · interval 37.4–51.7
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time35.9%
212th of 433 · interval 33.5–38.2
Evidence188
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 15.1 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 13.0%L1Augmentation · 42.5%L2Partial delegation · 44.4%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
188 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assess patients' mental and physical status, based on the presenting symptoms and complaints.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write prescriptions for psychotropic medications as allowed by state regulations and collaborative practice agreements.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 15 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor patients' medication usage and results.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 28 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Document patients' medical and psychological histories, physical assessment results, diagnoses, treatment plans, prescriptions, or outcomes.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 28 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Evaluate patients' behavior to formulate diagnoses or assess treatments.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose psychiatric disorders and mental health conditions.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.1 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Educate patients and family members about mental health and medical conditions, preventive health measures, medications, or treatment plans.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 30 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop and implement treatment plans.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor patients' responses, including skin color, pupil dilation, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, ventilation, or urine output, using invasive and noninvasive techniques.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Distinguish between physiologically- and psychologically-based disorders, and diagnose appropriately.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate patients' vital signs or laboratory data to determine emergency intervention needs.Critical Care Nurses | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 12 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Select, order, or administer anesthetics, adjuvant drugs, accessory drugs, fluids or blood products as necessary.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Manage patients' airway or pulmonary status, using techniques such as endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, pharmacological support, respiratory therapy, and extubation.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Select, prepare, or use equipment, monitors, supplies, or drugs for the administration of anesthetics.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with other health care professionals and service providers to ensure optimal patient care.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 45 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 173 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitor patients' fluid intake and output to detect emerging problems, such as fluid and electrolyte imbalances.Critical Care Nurses | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 15 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record patients' medical information and vital signs.Registered Nurses | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor patients for changes in status and indications of conditions such as sepsis or shock and institute appropriate interventions.Critical Care Nurses | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 4.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain accurate, detailed reports and records.Registered Nurses | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 28 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assess patients' medical histories to predict anesthesia response.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Administer medications to patients and monitor patients for reactions or side effects.Registered Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Discuss illnesses and treatments with patients and family members.Acute Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop anesthesia care plans.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct individual, group, or family psychotherapy for those with chronic or acute mental disorders.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 50 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide specialized direct and indirect care to inpatients and outpatients within a designated specialty, such as obstetrics, neurology, oncology, or neonatal care.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Document data related to patients' care, including assessment results, interventions, medications, patient responses, or treatment changes.Acute Care Nurses | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 25 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor, record, and report symptoms or changes in patients' conditions.Registered Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain complete and detailed records of patients' health care plans and prognoses.Nurse Practitioners | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 25 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prioritize nursing care for assigned critically ill patients, based on assessment data or identified needs.Critical Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Administer medications intravenously, by injection, orally, through gastric tubes, or by other methods.Critical Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 9 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Obtain informed consent from patients for anesthesia procedures.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose acute or chronic conditions that could result in rapid physiological deterioration or life-threatening instability.Acute Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Analyze and interpret patients' histories, symptoms, physical findings, or diagnostic information to develop appropriate diagnoses.Nurse Practitioners | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Compile and analyze data obtained from monitoring or diagnostic tests.Critical Care Nurses | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 25 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assess urgent and emergent health conditions, using both physiologically and technologically derived data.Acute Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop treatment plans, based on scientific rationale, standards of care, and professional practice guidelines.Nurse Practitioners | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform pre-anesthetic screenings, including physical evaluations and patient interviews, and document results.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor all aspects of patient care, including diet and physical activity.Registered Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 40 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess patients' pain levels or sedation requirements.Critical Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 9 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide patients with information needed to promote health, reduce risk factors, or prevent disease or disability.Nurse Practitioners | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 20 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Manage patients' pain relief and sedation by providing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, monitoring patients' responses, and changing care plans accordingly.Acute Care Nurses | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Instruct nursing staff in areas such as the assessment, development, implementation, and evaluation of disability, illness, management, technology, or resources.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 2.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Select and prescribe post-anesthesia medications or treatments to patients.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct pulmonary assessments to identify abnormal respiratory patterns or breathing sounds that indicate problems.Critical Care Nurses | 0.6% | L0 | L0L2 | 15% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prescribe medication dosages, routes, and frequencies, based on such patient characteristics as age and gender.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 10 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct or supervise less-skilled nursing or healthcare personnel or supervise a particular unit.Registered Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 5.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare prescribed solutions and administer local, intravenous, spinal, or other anesthetics, following specified methods and procedures.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prescribe medications based on efficacy, safety, and cost as legally authorized.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 12 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Evaluate patients' post-surgical or post-anesthesia responses, taking appropriate corrective actions or requesting consultation if complications occur.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 32 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide health care, first aid, immunizations, or assistance in convalescence or rehabilitation in locations such as schools, hospitals, or industry.Registered Nurses | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain departmental policies, procedures, objectives, or infection control standards.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prescribe medications and observe patients' reactions, modifying prescriptions as needed.Acute Care Nurses · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Select, order, or administer pre-anesthetic medications.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Consult and coordinate with healthcare team members to assess, plan, implement, or evaluate patient care plans.Registered Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Calibrate and test anesthesia equipment.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Recommend diagnostic or therapeutic interventions with attention to safety, cost, invasiveness, simplicity, acceptability, adherence, and efficacy.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 20 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform administrative or managerial functions, such as taking responsibility for a unit's staff, budget, planning, or long-range goals.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess the needs of patients' family members or caregivers.Acute Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Obtain specimens or samples for laboratory work.Acute Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 15 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform or manage regional anesthetic techniques, such as local, spinal, epidural, caudal, nerve blocks and intravenous blocks.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose or treat acute health care problems, such as illnesses, infections, or injuries.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop, implement, or evaluate standards of nursing practice in specialty area, such as pediatrics, acute care, and geriatrics.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with members of multidisciplinary health care teams to plan, manage, or assess patient treatments.Acute Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform or evaluate the results of diagnostic tests, such as radiographs (x-rays) and electrocardiograms (EKGs).Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Set up, operate, or monitor invasive equipment and devices, such as colostomy or tracheotomy equipment, mechanical ventilators, catheters, gastrointestinal tubes, and central lines.Acute Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform administrative duties that facilitate admission, transfer, or discharge of patients.Acute Care Nurses | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 35 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Collect specimens for laboratory tests.Critical Care Nurses | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 14 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Document patients' medical histories and assessment findings.Critical Care Nurses | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Order, perform, or interpret the results of diagnostic tests, such as complete blood counts (CBCs), electrocardiograms (EKGs), and radiographs (x-rays).Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Counsel patients about drug regimens and possible side effects or interactions with other substances, such as food supplements, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, or herbal remedies.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 18 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose or treat chronic health care problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with other health care professionals to develop and revise treatment plans, based on identified needs and assessment data.Critical Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 30 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Order, interpret, and evaluate diagnostic tests to identify and assess patient's condition.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 20 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop and maintain departmental policies, procedures, objectives, or patient care standards, based on evidence-based practice guidelines or expert opinion.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat or refer patients for primary care conditions, such as headaches, hypertension, urinary tract infections, upper respiratory infections, and dermatological conditions.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Educate patients about self-management of acute or chronic illnesses, tailoring instructions to patients' individual circumstances.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 25 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess the needs of individuals, families, or communities, including assessment of individuals' home or work environments, to identify potential health or safety problems.Registered Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with interdisciplinary team members, including psychiatrists, psychologists, or nursing staff, to develop, implement, or evaluate treatment plans.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 52 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Administer post-anesthesia medications or fluids to support patients' cardiovascular systems.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Observe nurses and visit patients to ensure proper nursing care.Registered Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Insert peripheral or central intravenous catheters.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Discharge patients from post-anesthesia care.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Interpret information obtained from electrocardiograms (EKGs) or radiographs (x-rays).Acute Care Nurses | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 10 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor or evaluate medical conditions of patients in collaboration with other health care professionals.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Observe, interview, and assess patients to identify care needs.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Modify patient treatment plans as indicated by patients' responses and conditions.Registered Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Recommend interventions to modify behavior associated with health risks.Nurse Practitioners | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 22 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Set up and monitor medical equipment and devices such as cardiac monitors, mechanical ventilators and alarms, oxygen delivery devices, transducers, or pressure lines.Critical Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Advocate for patients' and families' needs, or provide emotional support for patients and their families.Critical Care Nurses | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Instruct individuals, families, or other groups on topics such as health education, disease prevention, or childbirth and develop health improvement programs.Registered Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Schedule follow-up visits to monitor patients or evaluate health or illness care.Nurse Practitioners | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 12 min | Access to systems |
| Provide coaching and mentoring to other caregivers to help facilitate their professional growth and development.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform routine or annual physical examinations.Nurse Practitioners | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Order, perform, or interpret the results of diagnostic tests and screening procedures based on assessment results, differential diagnoses, and knowledge about age, gender and health status of clients.Acute Care Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice or organizational systems.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose or treat complex, unstable, comorbid, episodic, or emergency conditions in collaboration with other health care providers as necessary.Nurse Practitioners | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Distinguish between normal and abnormal developmental and age-related physiological and behavioral changes in acute, critical, and chronic illness.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide consultation to other health care providers in areas such as patient discharge, patient care, or clinical procedures.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Document patients' treatment plans, interventions, outcomes, or plan revisions.Critical Care Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 20 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Maintain departmental policies and procedures in areas such as safety and infection control.Nurse Practitioners | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide direct care by performing comprehensive health assessments, developing differential diagnoses, conducting specialized tests, or prescribing medications or treatments.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess family adaptation levels and coping skills to determine whether intervention is needed.Critical Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare rooms, sterile instruments, equipment, or supplies and ensure that stock of supplies is maintained.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Direct or coordinate infection control programs, advising or consulting with specified personnel about necessary precautions.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise and monitor unit nursing staff.Critical Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor the use and status of medical and pharmaceutical supplies.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Respond to emergency situations by providing airway management, administering emergency fluids or drugs, or using basic or advanced cardiac life support techniques.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Interpret diagnostic or laboratory tests, such as electrocardiograms (EKGs) and renal functioning tests.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 15 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop or assist others in development of care and treatment plans.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Adjust settings on patients' assistive devices, such as temporary pacemakers.Acute Care Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide formal and informal education to other staff members.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare patients for and assist with examinations or treatments.Registered Nurses | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Administer local, inhalation, intravenous, or other anesthetics.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Present clients with information required to make informed health care and treatment decisions.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat wounds or superficial lacerations.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with patients to plan for future health care needs or to coordinate transitions and referrals.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 45 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct specified laboratory tests.Registered Nurses | 0.5% | L0 | L0L2 | 18% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prescribe or recommend drugs, medical devices, or other forms of treatment, such as physical therapy, inhalation therapy, or related therapeutic procedures.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Refer patients requiring more specialized or complex treatment to psychiatrists, primary care physicians, or other medical specialists.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess the impact of illnesses or injuries on patients' health, function, growth, development, nutrition, sleep, rest, quality of life, or family, social and educational relationships.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Refer patients for specialty consultations or treatments.Acute Care Nurses · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 20 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform approved therapeutic or diagnostic procedures, based upon patients' clinical status.Critical Care Nurses | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess patients' psychosocial status and needs, including areas such as sleep patterns, anxiety, grief, anger, and support systems.Critical Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Administer blood and blood product transfusions or intravenous infusions, monitoring patients for adverse reactions.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify patients at risk of complications due to nutritional status.Critical Care Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Make clinical recommendations to physicians, other health care providers, insurance companies, patients, or health care organizations.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 45 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in patients' care meetings and conferences.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Analyze the indications, contraindications, risk complications, and cost-benefit tradeoffs of therapeutic interventions.Acute Care Nurses | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 40 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Detect and respond to adverse drug reactions, with special attention to vulnerable populations such as infants, children, pregnant and lactating women, or older adults.Nurse Practitioners | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Consult with, or refer patients to, appropriate specialists when conditions exceed the scope of practice or expertise.Nurse Practitioners | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan, evaluate, or modify treatment programs, based on information gathered by observing and interviewing patients or by analyzing patient records.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Disassemble and clean anesthesia equipment.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Work with individuals, groups, or families to plan or implement programs designed to improve the overall health of communities.Registered Nurses | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify patients' age-specific needs and alter care plans as necessary to meet those needs.Critical Care Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Consult with psychiatrists or other professionals when unusual or complex cases are encountered.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct or supervise nursing care staff in the provision of patient therapy.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Instruct nurses, residents, interns, students, or other staff on topics such as anesthetic techniques, pain management and emergency responses.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Participate in treatment team conferences regarding diagnosis or treatment of difficult cases.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 52 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, and participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 2.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform physical examinations, make tentative diagnoses, and treat patients en route to hospitals or at disaster site triage centers.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 42 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise or coordinate patient care or support staff activities.Nurse Practitioners | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assist patients in organizing their health care system activities.Acute Care Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 30 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat patients for routine physical health problems.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform primary care procedures such as suturing, splinting, administering immunizations, taking cultures, and debriding wounds.Nurse Practitioners | 0.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Design evaluation programs regarding the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice or organizational systems.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 8.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide routine physical health screenings to detect or monitor problems such as heart disease and diabetes.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide patients or caregivers with assistance in locating health care resources.Nurse Practitioners | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 25 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing.Nurse Practitioners | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Refer students or patients to specialized health resources or community agencies furnishing assistance.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 28 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify training needs or conduct training sessions for nursing students or medical staff.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform emergency medical procedures, such as basic cardiac life support (BLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), and other condition-stabilizing interventions.Acute Care Nurses | 0.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Insert arterial catheters or perform arterial punctures to obtain arterial blood samples.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assist physicians with procedures such as bronchoscopy, endoscopy, endotracheal intubation, or elective cardioversion.Critical Care Nurses | 0.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in activities aimed at professional growth and development, including conferences or continuing education activities.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Coordinate or conduct educational programs or in-service training sessions on topics such as clinical procedures.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Advocate for accessible health care that minimizes environmental health risks.Nurse Practitioners | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 4.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inform physician of patient's condition during anesthesia.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 10% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write nursing orders.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 25 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design patient education programs that include information required to make informed health care and treatment decisions.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide or arrange for training or instruction of auxiliary personnel or students.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Administer blood and blood products, monitoring patients for signs and symptoms related to transfusion reactions.Critical Care Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 2.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Chair nursing departments or committees.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.8 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in clinical research projects, such as by reviewing protocols, reviewing patient records, monitoring compliance, and meeting with regulatory authorities.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 5.3 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify malfunctioning equipment or devices.Critical Care Nurses | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Read current literature, talk with colleagues, and participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in acute care.Acute Care Nurses | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Ensure that equipment or devices are properly stored after use.Critical Care Nurses | 0.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 9 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain current knowledge of state legal regulations for nurse practitioner practice, including reimbursement of services.Nurse Practitioners | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Consult with institutions or associations regarding issues or concerns relevant to the practice and profession of nursing.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Lead nursing department implementation of, or compliance with, regulatory or accreditation processes.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 22 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Administer medications, including those administered by injection.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Teach patient education programs that include information required to make informed health care and treatment decisions.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 52 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop nursing service philosophies, goals, policies, priorities, or procedures.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct or provide home health services.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Request anesthesia equipment repairs, adjustments, or safety tests.Nurse Anesthetists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Keep abreast of regulatory processes and payer systems, such as Medicare, Medicaid, managed care, and private sources.Nurse Practitioners | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Develop practice protocols for mental health problems, based on review and evaluation of published research.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 10 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform discharge planning for patients.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in the development of practice protocols.Acute Care Nurses | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 7.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare reports to document patients' care activities.Clinical Nurse Specialists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 45 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Coordinate patient care conferences.Critical Care Nurses | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Engage in research activities related to nursing.Registered Nurses · supplemental task | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop, implement, or evaluate programs such as outreach activities, community mental health programs, and crisis situation response activities.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide post-mortem care.Critical Care Nurses | 0.2% | L0 | L0L2 | 15% | 50 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in professional organizations and continuing education to improve practice knowledge and skills.Critical Care Nurses | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 2.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan, provide, or evaluate educational programs for nursing staff, interdisciplinary health care team members, or community members.Critical Care Nurses | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Participate in the development, review, or evaluation of nursing practice protocols.Critical Care Nurses | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Teach classes in mental health topics, such as stress reduction.Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses · supplemental task | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 45% | 1.8 h | Trust and care |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 44.4% | 52 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.365 | 55 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 0.225 | 58 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 78 | 71 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.196 | 55 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.056 | 63 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (22)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Dieticians and nutritionists 2265 | 87.0 | |
| Pharmacists 2262 | 77.6 | |
| Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals 2263 | 69.5 | |
| Generalist medical practitioners 2211 | 56.2 | |
| Specialist medical practitioners 2212 | 52.9 | |
| Traditional and complementary medicine professionals 2230 | 47.8 | |
| Audiologists and speech therapists 2266 | 47.0 | |
| Physiotherapists 2264 | 46.7 | |
| Health professionals not elsewhere classified 2269 | 46.0 | |
| Paramedical practitioners 2240 | 35.6 | |
| Midwifery professionals 2222 | 33.7 | |
| Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians 2267 | 30.7 |
Dashed line: nursing professionals (44.4%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Nursing professionals (ISCO-08 2221), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2221
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Nursing professionals (ISCO-08 2221)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2221.json.