ISCO-08 2141
Industrial and production engineers
87.6%
ADI · 81st of 433 · 95% interval 76.8–97.2
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 87.6% of the task time of industrial and production engineers, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full87.6%
81st of 433 · interval 76.8–97.2
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time54.0%
100th of 433 · interval 49.7–58.0
Evidence46
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 2.2 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 1.4%L1Augmentation · 10.9%L2Partial delegation · 87.7%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
46 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization.Industrial Engineers | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status.Industrial Engineers | 3.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control.Industrial Engineers | 3.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Record or oversee recording of information to ensure currency of engineering drawings and documentation of production problems.Industrial Engineers | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product.Industrial Engineers | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Recommend methods for improving utilization of personnel, material, and utilities.Industrial Engineers | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collect data through direct observation of work activities or witnessing the conduct of tests.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards.Industrial Engineers | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct workers engaged in product measurement, inspection, and testing activities to ensure quality control and reliability.Industrial Engineers | 2.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect work sites to identify physical hazards.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Recommend workplace changes to improve health and safety, using knowledge of potentially harmful factors, such as heavy loads or repetitive motions.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Advocate for end users in collaboration with other professionals, including engineers, designers, managers, or customers.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate precision and accuracy of production and testing equipment and engineering drawings to formulate corrective action plan.Industrial Engineers | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Review production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities.Industrial Engineers | 2.5% | L2 | L3L2 | 78% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Conduct interviews or surveys of users or customers to collect information on topics, such as requirements, needs, fatigue, ergonomics, or interfaces.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.8 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 31 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prepare reports or presentations summarizing results or conclusions of human factors engineering or ergonomics activities, such as testing, investigation, or validation.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 5.0 h | Access to systems |
| Draft and design layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer.Industrial Engineers | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Perform functional, task, or anthropometric analysis, using tools, such as checklists, surveys, videotaping, or force measurement.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Implement methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and defective or damaged parts, and assess cost and responsibility.Industrial Engineers | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Complete production reports, purchase orders, and material, tool, and equipment lists.Industrial Engineers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.3 h | Access to systems |
| Develop manufacturing methods, labor utilization standards, and cost analysis systems to promote efficient staff and facility utilization.Industrial Engineers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Provide technical support to clients through activities, such as rearranging workplace fixtures to reduce physical hazards or discomfort or modifying task sequences to reduce cycle time.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write, review, or comment on documents, such as proposals, test plans, or procedures.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.5 h | – |
| Apply statistical methods and perform mathematical calculations to determine manufacturing processes, staff requirements, and production standards.Industrial Engineers | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Review health, safety, accident, or worker compensation records to evaluate safety program effectiveness or to identify jobs with high incidence of injury.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Train users in task techniques or ergonomic principles.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Regulate and alter workflow schedules according to established manufacturing sequences and lead times to expedite production operations.Industrial Engineers · supplemental task | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.4 h | Access to systems |
| Coordinate and implement quality control objectives, activities, or procedures to resolve production problems, maximize product reliability, or minimize costs.Industrial Engineers | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assess the user-interface or usability characteristics of products.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 5.5 h | Access to systems |
| Study operations sequence, material flow, functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine worker functions and responsibilities.Industrial Engineers | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design or evaluate human work systems, using human factors engineering and ergonomic principles to optimize usability, cost, quality, safety, or performance.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct research to evaluate potential solutions related to changes in equipment design, procedures, manpower, personnel, or training.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Establish system operating or training requirements to ensure optimized human-machine interfaces.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 8.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Schedule deliveries based on production forecasts, material substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements.Industrial Engineers · supplemental task | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Integrate human factors requirements into operational hardware.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide human factors technical expertise on topics, such as advanced user-interface technology development or the role of human users in automated or autonomous sub-systems in advanced vehicle systems.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop or implement human performance research, investigation, or analysis protocols.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Formulate sampling procedures and designs and develop forms and instructions for recording, evaluating, and reporting quality and reliability data.Industrial Engineers | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Estimate time or resource requirements for ergonomic or human factors research or development projects.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Operate testing equipment, such as heat stress meters, octave band analyzers, motion analysis equipment, inclinometers, light meters, thermoanemometers, sling psychrometers, or colorimetric detection tubes.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.4% | L0 | L1L0 | 8% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Design cognitive aids, such as procedural storyboards or decision support systems.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.5 h | Access to systems |
| Perform statistical analyses, such as social network pattern analysis, network modeling, discrete event simulation, agent-based modeling, statistical natural language processing, computational sociology, mathematical optimization, or systems dynamics.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 7.0 h | – |
| Develop or implement research methodologies or statistical analysis plans to test and evaluate developmental prototypes used in new products or processes, such as cockpit designs, user workstations, or computerized human models.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Analyze complex systems to determine potential for further development, production, interoperability, compatibility, or usefulness in a particular area, such as aviation.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Apply modeling or quantitative analysis to forecast events, such as human decisions or behaviors, the structure or processes of organizations, or the attitudes or actions of human groups.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Investigate theoretical or conceptual issues, such as the human design considerations of lunar landers or habitats.Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | – |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 87.6% | 82 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.528 | 82 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 1.138 | 85 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 84 | 81 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.441 | 83 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.037 | 57 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (21)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Graphic and multimedia designers 2166 | 96.8 | |
| Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians 2120 | 96.5 | |
| Meteorologists 2112 | 94.4 | |
| Electrical engineers 2151 | 91.8 | |
| Building architects 2161 | 91.1 | |
| Telecommunications engineers 2153 | 90.1 | |
| Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified 2149 | 89.4 | |
| Chemical engineers 2145 | 88.9 | |
| Environmental engineers 2143 | 88.6 | |
| Electronics engineers 2152 | 85.5 | |
| Mechanical engineers 2144 | 84.9 | |
| Cartographers and surveyors 2165 | 83.7 |
Dashed line: industrial and production engineers (87.6%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Industrial and production engineers (ISCO-08 2141), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2141
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Industrial and production engineers (ISCO-08 2141)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2141.json.