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Balam Labs
ISCO-08 2120

Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians

96.5%
ADI · 28th of 433 · 95% interval 92.5–99.4

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 96.5% of the task time of mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians, and finish 5.3% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full96.5%

28th of 433 · interval 92.5–99.4

ADI3 · full delegation5.3%

70th of 433 · interval 1.4–10.0

ADIs · share of time61.7%

47th of 433 · interval 59.6–63.9

Evidence125

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.9 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

91%
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 3.5%L2Partial delegation · 91.2%L3Full delegation · 5.3%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence2%
Accountability27%
Trust and care25%
Access to systems52%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

125 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Ascertain premium rates required and cash reserves and liabilities necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.Actuaries1.7%L2L2L265%22 hAccountability, Access to systems
Collaborate with programmers, underwriters, accounts, claims experts, and senior management to help companies develop plans for new lines of business or improvements to existing business.Actuaries1.6%L2L2L240%5.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Analyze statistical information to estimate mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates.Actuaries1.6%L2L2L272%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design, review, and help administer insurance, annuity and pension plans, determining financial soundness and calculating premiums.Actuaries1.5%L2L2L255%22 hAccountability, Access to systems
Address the relationships of quantities, magnitudes, and forms through the use of numbers and symbols.Mathematicians1.5%L2L2L260%5.0 h–
Mentor others on mathematical techniques.Mathematicians1.5%L1L1L245%1.0 hTrust and care
Perform computations and apply methods of numerical analysis to data.Mathematicians1.4%L3L3L385%2.5 h–
Provide advice to clients on a contract basis, working as a consultant.Actuaries1.4%L2L2L252%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain knowledge in the field by reading professional journals, talking with other mathematicians, and attending professional conferences.Mathematicians1.4%L2L2L248%6.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.Mathematicians1.4%L2L2L265%3.0 h–
Determine, or help determine, company policy, and explain complex technical matters to company executives, government officials, shareholders, policyholders, or the public.Actuaries1.3%L2L2L248%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Conduct research to extend mathematical knowledge in traditional areas, such as algebra, geometry, probability, and logic.Mathematicians1.3%L2L2L245%80 h–
Conduct surveys and collect data, using methods such as interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, market analysis surveys, public opinion polls, literature reviews, and file reviews.Survey Researchers1.3%L2L2L258%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Support, plan, and coordinate operations for single or multiple surveys.Survey Researchers1.3%L2L2L255%8.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Develop new principles and new relationships between existing mathematical principles to advance mathematical science.Mathematicians1.2%L2L2L240%60 h–
Show the other 110 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Collaborate with other researchers in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of surveys.Survey Researchers1.2%L2L2L255%4.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Process clinical data, including receipt, entry, verification, or filing of information.Clinical Data Managers1.1%L2L2L270%1.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Develop mathematical or statistical models of phenomena to be used for analysis or for computational simulation.Mathematicians1.1%L2L2L265%6.0 h–
Monitor and evaluate survey progress and performance, using sample disposition reports and response rate calculations.Survey Researchers1.1%L2L2L270%1.8 hAccess to systems
Analyze and interpret statistical data to identify significant differences in relationships among sources of information.Statisticians1.1%L2L2L375%3.0 h–
Generate data queries, based on validation checks or errors and omissions identified during data entry, to resolve identified problems.Clinical Data Managers1.1%L2L2L272%19 minAccess to systems
Direct and review the work of staff members, including survey support staff and interviewers who gather survey data.Survey Researchers1.1%L2L2L240%1.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Apply mathematical theories and techniques to the solution of practical problems in business, engineering, the sciences, or other fields.Mathematicians1.1%L2L2L265%6.0 hAccess to systems
Observe the current system in operation, and gather and analyze information about each of the component problems, using a variety of sources.Operations Research Analysts1.1%L2L2L258%6.0 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Collaborate with others in the organization to ensure successful implementation of chosen problem solutions.Operations Research Analysts1.1%L2L2L238%3.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Construct probability tables for events such as fires, natural disasters, and unemployment, based on analysis of statistical data and other pertinent information.Actuaries1.0%L2L2L268%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Report results of statistical analyses, including information in the form of graphs, charts, and tables.Statisticians1.0%L3L3L380%2.5 h–
Prepare data for processing by organizing information, checking for inaccuracies, and adjusting and weighting the raw data.Statisticians1.0%L2L2L378%3.5 h–
Define data requirements, and gather and validate information, applying judgment and statistical tests.Operations Research Analysts1.0%L2L2L265%4.0 hAccess to systems
Perform validation and testing of models to ensure adequacy, and reformulate models, as necessary.Operations Research Analysts1.0%L2L2L262%6.0 hAccess to systems
Identify relationships and trends in data, as well as any factors that could affect the results of research.Statisticians1.0%L2L2L270%3.0 h–
Evaluate the statistical methods and procedures used to obtain data to ensure validity, applicability, efficiency, and accuracy.Statisticians1.0%L2L2L265%4.0 hAccess to systems
Prepare and present summaries and analyses of survey data, including tables, graphs, and fact sheets that describe survey techniques and results.Survey Researchers1.0%L2L2L378%3.5 h–
Monitor work productivity or quality to ensure compliance with standard operating procedures.Clinical Data Managers0.9%L2L2L262%2.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Consult with clients to identify survey needs and specific requirements, such as special samples.Survey Researchers0.9%L2L2L250%1.8 hTrust and care
Determine and specify details of survey projects, including sources of information, procedures to be used, and the design of survey instruments and materials.Survey Researchers0.9%L2L2L262%8.0 h–
Disseminate research by writing reports, publishing papers, or presenting at professional conferences.Mathematicians0.9%L2L2L260%15 hAccountability, Trust and care
Formulate mathematical or simulation models of problems, relating constants and variables, restrictions, alternatives, conflicting objectives, and their numerical parameters.Operations Research Analysts0.9%L2L2L268%5.0 hAccess to systems
Present the results of mathematical modeling and data analysis to management or other end users.Operations Research Analysts0.9%L2L2L260%3.0 hTrust and care
Determine whether statistical methods are appropriate, based on user needs or research questions of interest.Statisticians0.9%L2L2L262%1.5 hAccess to systems
Prepare management reports defining and evaluating problems and recommending solutions.Operations Research Analysts0.9%L2L2L270%8.0 hAccess to systems
Analyze information obtained from management to conceptualize and define operational problems.Operations Research Analysts0.9%L2L2L258%3.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Specify manipulative or computational methods to be applied to models.Operations Research Analysts0.9%L2L2L270%2.0 h–
Conduct research to gather information about survey topics.Survey Researchers0.9%L2L3L278%4.0 hAccess to systems
Adapt statistical methods to solve specific problems in many fields, such as economics, biology, and engineering.Statisticians0.9%L2L2L262%4.0 hAccess to systems
Develop computational methods for solving problems that occur in areas of science and engineering or that come from applications in business or industry.Mathematicians0.9%L2L2L260%24 hAccess to systems
Direct updates and changes in survey implementation and methods.Survey Researchers0.9%L2L2L248%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design and validate clinical databases, including designing or testing logic checks.Clinical Data Managers0.8%L2L2L262%8.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Collaborate with senior managers and decision makers to identify and solve a variety of problems and to clarify management objectives.Operations Research Analysts0.8%L1L1L125%3.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Process large amounts of data for statistical modeling and graphic analysis, using computers.Statisticians0.8%L2L2L375%4.0 h–
Study and analyze information about alternative courses of action to determine which plan will offer the best outcomes.Operations Research Analysts0.8%L2L2L268%6.0 hAccess to systems
Write program code to analyze data with statistical analysis software.Biostatisticians0.8%L2L3L278%2.5 h–
Analyze data from surveys, old records, or case studies, using statistical software.Survey Researchers0.8%L2L2L378%4.0 h–
Supervise the work of data management project staff.Clinical Data Managers0.8%L2L2L240%2.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop and test experimental designs, sampling techniques, and analytical methods.Statisticians0.8%L2L2L262%6.0 h–
Present statistical and nonstatistical results, using charts, bullets, and graphs, in meetings or conferences to audiences such as clients, peers, and students.Statisticians0.8%L2L2L248%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Prepare data analysis listings and activity, performance, or progress reports.Clinical Data Managers0.8%L2L2L272%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Provide biostatistical consultation to clients or colleagues.Biostatisticians0.8%L2L2L260%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Evaluate sources of information to determine any limitations, in terms of reliability or usability.Statisticians0.8%L2L2L372%2.3 hAccess to systems
Analyze clinical or survey data, using statistical approaches such as longitudinal analysis, mixed-effect modeling, logistic regression analyses, and model-building techniques.Biostatisticians0.8%L2L2L268%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Prepare tables and graphs to present clinical data or results.Biostatisticians0.8%L2L2L272%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Review, classify, and record survey data in preparation for computer analysis.Survey Researchers0.8%L3L3L385%2.8 h–
Track the flow of work forms, including in-house data flow or electronic forms transfer.Clinical Data Managers0.8%L2L2L268%1.1 hAccess to systems
Draw conclusions or make predictions, based on data summaries or statistical analyses.Biostatisticians0.8%L2L2L265%1.5 hAccountability
Provide expertise to help financial institutions manage risks and maximize returns associated with investment products or credit offerings.Actuaries0.7%L2L2L258%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Produce documentation of the questionnaire development process, data collection methods, sampling designs, and decisions related to sample statistical weighting.Survey Researchers0.7%L2L2L270%6.0 hAccess to systems
Develop or implement data analysis algorithms.Biostatisticians0.7%L2L2L265%6.0 h–
Design research projects that apply valid scientific techniques, and use information obtained from baselines or historical data to structure uncompromised and efficient analyses.Statisticians0.7%L2L2L265%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Prepare appropriate formatting to data sets as requested.Clinical Data Managers0.7%L3L3L380%1.5 hAccess to systems
Develop software applications or programming for statistical modeling and graphic analysis.Statisticians0.7%L3L3L382%6.0 h–
Analyze clinical data using appropriate statistical tools.Clinical Data Managers0.7%L2L2L270%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Develop and apply time and cost networks to plan, control, and review large projects.Operations Research Analysts0.7%L2L2L265%6.0 hAccess to systems
Determine project plans, timelines, or technical objectives for statistical aspects of biological research studies.Biostatisticians0.7%L2L2L260%4.0 hAccess to systems
Prepare statistical data for inclusion in reports to data monitoring committees, federal regulatory agencies, managers, or clients.Biostatisticians0.7%L2L2L265%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design, conduct, and evaluate experimental operational models in cases where models cannot be developed from existing data.Operations Research Analysts0.7%L2L2L258%24 hAccess to systems
Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, and talk with colleagues to keep abreast of methodological or conceptual developments in fields such as biostatistics, pharmacology, life sciences, and social sciences.Biostatisticians0.7%L2L2L255%3.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Develop project-specific data management plans that address areas such as coding, reporting, or transfer of data, database locks, and work flow processes.Clinical Data Managers0.7%L2L2L270%8.0 hAccountability
Evaluate processes and technologies, and suggest revisions to increase productivity and efficiency.Clinical Data Managers0.7%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccess to systems
Assign work to biostatistical assistants or programmers.Biostatisticians0.7%L2L2L258%45 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Review research literature.Operations Research Analysts0.7%L3L3L385%3.3 hAccess to systems
Determine policy contract provisions for each type of insurance.Actuaries0.6%L2L2L260%8.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Break systems into their components, assign numerical values to each component, and examine the mathematical relationships between them.Operations Research Analysts0.6%L2L2L270%3.0 hAccess to systems
Educate staff in the use of mathematical models.Operations Research Analysts0.6%L2L2L258%3.5 hTrust and care
Write proposals to win new projects.Survey Researchers0.6%L2L2L268%10 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Design forms for receiving, processing, or tracking data.Clinical Data Managers0.6%L2L2L265%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Review clinical or other medical research protocols and recommend appropriate statistical analyses.Biostatisticians0.6%L2L2L265%3.3 hAccountability
Develop business methods and procedures, including accounting systems, file systems, office systems, logistics systems, and production schedules.Operations Research Analysts0.6%L2L2L258%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Negotiate terms and conditions of reinsurance with other companies.Actuaries0.6%L1L1L235%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Write detailed analysis plans and descriptions of analyses and findings for research protocols or reports.Biostatisticians0.6%L2L2L265%7.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Confer with end users to define or implement clinical system requirements such as data release formats, delivery schedules, and testing protocols.Clinical Data Managers0.6%L2L2L250%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop technical specifications for data management programming and communicate needs to information technology staff.Clinical Data Managers0.6%L2L2L265%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design, analyze, and decipher encryption systems designed to transmit military, political, financial, or law-enforcement-related information in code.Mathematicians · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L250%8.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Prepare articles for publication or presentation at professional conferences.Biostatisticians0.6%L2L2L262%24 hAccountability
Plan or direct research studies related to life sciences.Biostatisticians0.6%L2L2L252%8.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Contribute to the compilation, organization, and production of protocols, clinical study reports, regulatory submissions, or other controlled documentation.Clinical Data Managers0.6%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Perform quality control audits to ensure accuracy, completeness, or proper usage of clinical systems and data.Clinical Data Managers0.6%L2L2L262%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Calculate sample size requirements for clinical studies.Biostatisticians0.6%L2L2L378%3.0 hAccountability
Apply sampling techniques, or use complete enumeration bases to determine and define groups to be surveyed.Statisticians0.5%L2L2L270%3.0 hAccess to systems
Monitor clinical trials or experiments to ensure adherence to established procedures or to verify the quality of data collected.Biostatisticians0.5%L2L2L265%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Determine equitable basis for distributing surplus earnings under participating insurance and annuity contracts in mutual companies.Actuaries0.5%L2L2L258%24 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design research studies in collaboration with physicians, life scientists, or other professionals.Biostatisticians0.5%L2L2L255%9.0 hAccountability, Trust and care
Plan data collection methods for specific projects, and determine the types and sizes of sample groups to be used.Statisticians0.5%L2L2L260%4.0 hAccess to systems
Manage credit and help price corporate security offerings.Actuaries · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L258%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Provide support and information to functional areas such as marketing, clinical monitoring, and medical affairs.Clinical Data Managers · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L260%1.3 hAccountability, Access to systems
Report results of statistical analyses in peer-reviewed papers and technical manuals.Statisticians0.5%L2L2L270%3.0 hAccountability
Read technical literature and participate in continuing education or professional associations to maintain awareness of current database technology and best practices.Clinical Data Managers0.5%L2L2L260%2.0 hAccess to systems
Write work instruction manuals, data capture guidelines, or standard operating procedures.Clinical Data Managers0.5%L2L2L275%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Explain changes in contract provisions to customers.Actuaries · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L265%52 minAccountability, Trust and care
Apply research or simulation results to extend biological theory or recommend new research projects.Biostatisticians0.4%L2L2L255%3.0 h–
Train staff on technical procedures or software program usage.Clinical Data Managers0.4%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Supervise and provide instructions for workers collecting and tabulating data.Statisticians0.4%L2L2L255%1.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Examine theories, such as those of probability and inference, to discover mathematical bases for new or improved methods of obtaining and evaluating numerical data.Statisticians0.4%L2L2L255%22 h–
Collect data through surveys or experimentation.Biostatisticians0.4%L2L2L250%6.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Design or maintain databases of biological data.Biostatisticians0.4%L2L2L268%6.0 hAccess to systems
Hire and train recruiters and data collectors.Survey Researchers0.4%L2L2L252%9.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop or use mathematical models to track changes in biological phenomena, such as the spread of infectious diseases.Biostatisticians0.4%L2L2L265%6.0 hAccess to systems
Prepare and structure data warehouses for storing data.Statisticians · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L262%6.0 hAccess to systems
Write training manuals to be used by survey interviewers.Survey Researchers0.4%L2L3L278%8.0 h–
Develop or select specific software programs for various research scenarios.Clinical Data Managers · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L260%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Teach graduate or continuing education courses or seminars in biostatistics.Biostatisticians0.4%L2L2L255%5.8 hAccountability, Trust and care
Write research proposals or grant applications for submission to external bodies.Biostatisticians0.4%L2L2L262%19 hAccountability, Access to systems
Testify before public agencies on proposed legislation affecting businesses.Actuaries0.3%L1L1L238%7.0 hAccountability, Trust and care
Analyze archival data, such as birth, death, and disease records.Biostatisticians0.3%L2L2L270%6.0 hAccess to systems
Design surveys to assess health issues.Biostatisticians0.3%L2L2L268%8.0 hAccountability
Testify in court as expert witness or to provide legal evidence on matters such as the value of potential lifetime earnings of a person disabled or killed in an accident.Actuaries · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L242%7.5 hAccountability, Trust and care

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentile
ADI (this index)96.5%94
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.67893
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure1.42399
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure88.42988
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.63996
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.31793

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (21)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians (96.5%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians (ISCO-08 2120), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2120

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians (ISCO-08 2120)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2120.json.