ISCO-08 1221
Sales and marketing managers
87.7%
ADI · 80th of 433 · 95% interval 74.2–97.9
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 87.7% of the task time of sales and marketing managers, and finish 3.1% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full87.7%
80th of 433 · interval 74.2–97.9
ADI3 · full delegation3.1%
102nd of 433 · interval 0.0–9.8
ADIs · share of time53.9%
101st of 433 · interval 49.8–58.0
Evidence37
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 6.4 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 12.3%L2Partial delegation · 84.6%L3Full delegation · 3.1%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
37 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oversee regional and local sales managers and their staffs.Sales Managers | 5.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 4.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Formulate, direct, or coordinate marketing activities or policies to promote products or services, working with advertising or promotion managers.Marketing Managers | 4.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 5.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Resolve customer complaints regarding sales and service.Sales Managers | 4.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 52 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Confer with potential customers regarding equipment needs, and advise customers on types of equipment to purchase.Sales Managers | 4.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 52 min | Trust and care |
| Identify, develop, or evaluate marketing strategy, based on knowledge of establishment objectives, market characteristics, and cost and markup factors.Marketing Managers | 4.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Direct and coordinate activities involving sales of manufactured products, services, commodities, real estate, or other subjects of sale.Sales Managers | 4.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 5.0 h | Trust and care |
| Evaluate the financial aspects of product development, such as budgets, expenditures, research and development appropriations, or return-on-investment and profit-loss projections.Marketing Managers | 3.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Review operational records and reports to project sales and determine profitability.Sales Managers | 3.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Monitor customer preferences to determine focus of sales efforts.Sales Managers | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.3 h | Access to systems |
| Develop pricing strategies, balancing firm objectives and customer satisfaction.Marketing Managers | 3.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Compile lists describing product or service offerings.Marketing Managers | 3.1% | L3 | L3L3 | 88% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Direct the hiring, training, or performance evaluations of marketing or sales staff and oversee their daily activities.Marketing Managers | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 2.8 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Plan and direct staffing, training, and performance evaluations to develop and control sales and service programs.Sales Managers | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Consult with product development personnel on product specifications, such as design, color, or packaging.Marketing Managers | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Use sales forecasting or strategic planning to ensure the sale and profitability of products, lines, or services, analyzing business developments and monitoring market trends.Marketing Managers | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
Show the other 22 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confer or consult with department heads to plan advertising services and to secure information on equipment and customer specifications.Sales Managers | 2.6% | L1 | L2L1 | 42% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Visit franchised dealers to stimulate interest in establishment or expansion of leasing programs.Sales Managers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Coordinate or participate in promotional activities or trade shows, working with developers, advertisers, or production managers, to market products or services.Marketing Managers | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct clerical staff to keep records of export correspondence, bid requests, and credit collections, and to maintain current information on tariffs, licenses, and restrictions.Sales Managers | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Consult with buying personnel to gain advice regarding environmentally sound or sustainable products.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Consult with buying personnel to gain advice regarding the types of products or services expected to be in demand.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Determine price schedules and discount rates.Sales Managers | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Initiate market research studies, or analyze their findings.Marketing Managers | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Negotiate contracts with vendors or distributors to manage product distribution, establishing distribution networks or developing distribution strategies.Marketing Managers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 22 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct, coordinate, and review sales and service accounting and record-keeping, as well as receiving and shipping.Sales Managers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Advise dealers and distributors on policies and operating procedures to ensure functional effectiveness of business.Sales Managers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Advise business or other groups on local, national, or international factors affecting the buying or selling of products or services.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 4.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct foreign sales and service outlets of an organization.Sales Managers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Recommend modifications to products, packaging, production processes, or other characteristics to improve the environmental soundness or sustainability of products.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 5.5 h | Access to systems |
| Prepare budgets and approve budget expenditures.Sales Managers | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products.Sales Managers | 1.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct economic or commercial surveys to identify potential markets for products or services.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Assess marketing potential of new and existing store locations, considering statistics and expenditures.Sales Managers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Confer with legal staff to resolve problems, such as copyright infringement or royalty sharing with outside producers or distributors.Marketing Managers | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Select products or accessories to be displayed at trade or special production shows.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Integrate environmental information into product or company marketing strategies, policies, or activities.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop business cases for environmental marketing strategies.Marketing Managers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 7.0 h | Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 87.7% | 82 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.48 | 73 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 1.291 | 93 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 82 | 75 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.372 | 74 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.181 | 83 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (12)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Advertising and public relations managers 1222 | 89.9 | |
| Human resource managers 1212 | 89.5 | |
| Policy and planning managers 1213 | 88.6 | |
| Research and development managers 1223 | 87.2 | |
| Finance managers 1211 | 86.8 | |
| Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified 1219 | 80.7 |
Dashed line: sales and marketing managers (87.7%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Sales and marketing managers (ISCO-08 1221), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/1221
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Sales and marketing managers (ISCO-08 1221)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/1221.json.