ISCO-08 1222
Advertising and public relations managers
89.9%
ADI · 65th of 433 · 95% interval 80.7–97.1
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 89.9% of the task time of advertising and public relations managers, and finish 1.6% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full89.9%
65th of 433 · interval 80.7–97.1
ADI3 · full delegation1.6%
128th of 433 · interval 0.0–5.1
ADIs · share of time55.6%
82nd of 433 · interval 51.8–59.0
Evidence66
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 0.4 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 10.1%L2Partial delegation · 88.3%L3Full delegation · 1.6%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
66 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plan and prepare advertising and promotional material to increase sales of products or services, working with customers, company officials, sales departments, and advertising agencies.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 8.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Confer with department heads or staff to discuss topics such as contracts, selection of advertising media, or product to be advertised.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 52 min | Trust and care |
| Analyze the effectiveness of marketing tactics or channels.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Maintain portfolios of marketing campaigns, strategies, and other marketing products or ideas.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Devise or evaluate methods and procedures for collecting data, such as surveys, opinion polls, and questionnaires.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Develop comprehensive marketing strategies, using knowledge of products and technologies, markets, and regulations.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 24 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop communications materials, advertisements, presentations, or public relations initiatives to promote awareness of products and services.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 5.5 h | Trust and care |
| Coordinate with marketing team members, graphic artists, and other workers to develop and implement marketing programs.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 4.8 h | Trust and care |
| Conduct research on consumer opinions and buying habits, and identify target audiences for products, services, or technologies.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Attend or participate in conferences, community events, and promotional events related to products or technologies.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Analyze marketing or sales trends to forecast future conditions.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Coordinate activities of departments, such as sales, graphic arts, media, finance, and research.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect layouts and advertising copy, and edit scripts, audio, video, and other promotional material for adherence to specifications.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.3 h | – |
| Manage sales team, including setting goals, providing incentives, and evaluating employee performance.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct, motivate, and monitor the mobilization of a campaign team to advance campaign goals.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 51 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plan and execute advertising policies and strategies for organizations.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 12 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Contact organizations to explain services and facilities offered.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 2.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.0 h | Trust and care |
| Train and direct workers engaged in developing and producing advertisements.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 3.0 h | Trust and care |
| Formulate plans to extend business with established accounts and to transact business as agent for advertising accounts.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 3.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct activities of external agencies, establishments, or departments that develop and implement fundraising strategies and programs.Fundraising Managers · supplemental task | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 3.0 h | Trust and care |
| Identify and develop contacts for promotional campaigns and industry programs that meet identified buyer targets, such as dealers, distributors, or consumers.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Coordinate with the media to disseminate advertising.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 3.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop strategies to encourage new or increased contributions.Fundraising Managers | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide presentation and product demonstration support during the introduction of new products and services to field staff and customers.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 4.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assemble and communicate with a strong, diverse coalition of organizations or public figures, securing their cooperation, support, and action, to further campaign goals.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 23 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare and negotiate advertising and sales contracts.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 3.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor and analyze sales promotion results to determine cost effectiveness of promotion campaigns.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 1.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Read trade journals and professional literature to stay informed on trends, innovations, and changes that affect media planning.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 1.6% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 1.5 h | – |
| Manage fundraising budgets.Fundraising Managers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Track program budgets, expenses, and campaign response rates to evaluate each campaign, based on program objectives and industry norms.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 70% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Establish and maintain effective working relationships with clients, government officials, and media representatives and use these relationships to develop new fundraising opportunities.Fundraising Managers | 1.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 4.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Establish goals for soliciting funds, develop policies for collection and safeguarding of contributions, and coordinate disbursement of funds.Fundraising Managers | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop fundraising activity plans that maximize participation or contributions and minimize costs.Fundraising Managers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 5.0 h | Access to systems |
| Direct and coordinate product research and development.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 5.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan and direct special events for fundraising, such as silent auctions, dances, golf events, or walks.Fundraising Managers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 40 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare budgets and submit estimates for program costs as part of campaign plan development.Advertising and Promotions Managers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Compile or develop materials to submit to granting or other funding organizations.Fundraising Managers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 8.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Contact corporate representatives, government officials, or community leaders to increase awareness of organizational causes, activities, or needs.Fundraising Managers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.4 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assign, supervise, and review the activities of fundraising staff.Fundraising Managers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 2.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct research to identify the goals, net worth, charitable donation history, or other data related to potential donors, potential investors, or general donor markets.Fundraising Managers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 75% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Represent company at trade association meetings to promote products.Advertising and Promotions Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Observe and report on social, economic, and political trends that might affect employers.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 3.0 h | – |
| Write interesting and effective press releases, prepare information for media kits, and develop and maintain company internet or intranet web pages.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Respond to requests for information about employers' activities or status.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 38 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Produce films and other video products, regulate their distribution, and operate film library.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 23 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop and maintain the company's corporate image and identity, which includes the use of logos and signage.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Manage special events, such as sponsorship of races, parties introducing new products, or other activities the firm supports, to gain public attention through the media without advertising directly.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 23 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Establish and maintain effective working relationships with clients, government officials, and media representatives and use these relationships to develop new business opportunities.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 4.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assign, supervise, and review the activities of public relations staff.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.5 h | Trust and care |
| Confer with labor relations managers to develop internal communications that keep employees informed of company activities.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design and edit promotional publications, such as brochures.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | – |
| Develop, implement, or maintain crisis communication plans.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 9.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct activities of external agencies, establishments, or departments that develop and implement communication strategies and information programs.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 2.8 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Manage in-house communication courses.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Draft speeches for company executives and arrange interviews and other forms of contact for them.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 5.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate advertising and promotion programs for compatibility with public relations efforts.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Facilitate consumer relations or the relationship between parts of the company, such as the managers and employees, or different branch offices.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 2.8 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Formulate policies and procedures related to public information programs, working with public relations executives.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify main client groups and audiences, determine the best way to communicate publicity information to them, and develop and implement a communication plan.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 7.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain company archives.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L3 | 68% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Manage communications budgets.Public Relations Managers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate advertising and promotion programs for compatibility with fundraising efforts.Fundraising Managers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Formulate policies and procedures related to fundraising programs.Fundraising Managers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Write interesting and effective press releases, prepare information for media kits, and develop and maintain company internet or intranet Web pages.Fundraising Managers | 0.9% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Design and edit promotional publications, such as brochures.Fundraising Managers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | – |
| Produce films and other video products, regulate their distribution, and operate film library.Fundraising Managers · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 89.9% | 85 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.502 | 78 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 1.294 | 94 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 82 | 75 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.373 | 75 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.196 | 85 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (12)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Human resource managers 1212 | 89.5 | |
| Policy and planning managers 1213 | 88.6 | |
| Sales and marketing managers 1221 | 87.7 | |
| Research and development managers 1223 | 87.2 | |
| Finance managers 1211 | 86.8 | |
| Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified 1219 | 80.7 |
Dashed line: advertising and public relations managers (89.9%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Advertising and public relations managers (ISCO-08 1222), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/1222
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Advertising and public relations managers (ISCO-08 1222)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/1222.json.