ISCO-08 2131
Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals
72.0%
ADI · 129th of 433 · 95% interval 65.0–78.5
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 72.0% of the task time of biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals, and finish 2.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full72.0%
129th of 433 · interval 65.0–78.5
ADI3 · full delegation2.0%
120th of 433 · interval 0.2–4.5
ADIs · share of time47.5%
145th of 433 · interval 45.3–49.6
Evidence219
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 2.9 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 1.6%L1Augmentation · 26.5%L2Partial delegation · 70.0%L3Full delegation · 2.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
219 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study nutritional requirements of animals and nutritive values of animal feed materials.Animal Scientists | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Study effects of management practices, processing methods, feed, or environmental conditions on quality and quantity of animal products, such as eggs and milk.Animal Scientists | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 22 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Advise producers about improved products and techniques that could enhance their animal production efforts.Animal Scientists | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop improved practices in feeding, housing, sanitation, or parasite and disease control of animals.Animal Scientists | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 23 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct research concerning animal nutrition, breeding, or management to improve products or processes.Animal Scientists | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Write up or orally communicate research findings to the scientific community, producers, and the public.Animal Scientists | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Check raw ingredients for maturity or stability for processing, and finished products for safety, quality, and nutritional value.Food Scientists and Technologists | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Isolate and maintain cultures of bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed or developed media, controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition.Microbiologists | 0.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Inventory or estimate plant and wildlife populations.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop, or make recommendations on, management systems and plans for wildlife populations and habitat, consulting with stakeholders and the public at large to explore options.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 22 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inform and respond to public regarding wildlife and conservation issues, such as plant identification, hunting ordinances, and nuisance wildlife.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 28 min | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 22 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study methods to improve aspects of foods, such as chemical composition, flavor, color, texture, nutritional value, and convenience.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Examine physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classify microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens.Microbiologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Show the other 204 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 22 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect food processing areas to ensure compliance with government regulations and standards for sanitation, safety, quality, and waste management.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Confer with process engineers, plant operators, flavor experts, and packaging and marketing specialists to resolve problems in product development.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Supervise biological technologists and technicians and other scientists.Microbiologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor and perform tests on water, food, and the environment to detect harmful microorganisms or to obtain information about sources of pollution, contamination, or infection.Microbiologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform administrative duties, such as fundraising, public relations, budgeting, and supervision of zoo staff.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 5.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide laboratory services for health departments, community environmental health programs, and physicians needing information for diagnosis and treatment.Microbiologists | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor and report incidents of infectious diseases to local and state health agencies.Epidemiologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 2.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Oversee public health programs, including statistical analysis, health care planning, surveillance systems, and public health improvement.Epidemiologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study animal and human health and physiological processes.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Test new products for flavor, texture, color, nutritional content, and adherence to government and industry standards.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Stay up to date on new regulations and current events regarding food science by reviewing scientific literature.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.7% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 2.0 h | – |
| Research and control animal selection and breeding practices to increase production efficiency and improve animal quality.Animal Scientists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 7.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Investigate diseases or parasites to determine cause and risk factors, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission.Epidemiologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Educate healthcare workers, patients, and the public about infectious and communicable diseases, including disease transmission and prevention.Epidemiologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.5 h | Trust and care |
| Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Study animals in their natural habitats, assessing effects of environment and industry on animals, interpreting findings and recommending alternative operating conditions for industry.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 23 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study the structure and composition of food or the changes foods undergo in storage and processing.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain accurate laboratory records and data.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Consult with researchers to analyze problems, recommend technology-based solutions, or determine computational strategies.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Use a variety of specialized equipment, such as electron microscopes, gas and high-pressure liquid chromatographs, electrophoresis units, thermocyclers, fluorescence-activated cell sorters, and phosphorimagers.Microbiologists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Communicate research findings on various types of diseases to health practitioners, policy makers, and the public.Epidemiologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Analyze characteristics of animals to identify and classify them.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Supervise professional, technical, and clerical personnel.Epidemiologists | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study characteristics of animals, such as origin, interrelationships, classification, life histories, diseases, development, genetics, and distribution.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop new food items for production, based on consumer feedback.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 44 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Maintain laboratory notebooks that record research methods, procedures, and results.Geneticists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Supervise or direct the work of other geneticists, biologists, technicians, or biometricians working on genetics research projects.Geneticists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate the relationship between organisms and disease, including the control of epidemics and the effects of antibiotics on microorganisms.Microbiologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop new software applications or customize existing applications to meet specific scientific project needs.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 70% | 9.0 h | – |
| Program and use computers to store, process, and analyze data.Biologists | 0.6% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 3.5 h | – |
| Teach or advise undergraduate or graduate students or supervise their research.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise biological technicians and technologists and other scientists.Biologists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Manage laboratory teams or monitor the quality of a team's work.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Create novel computational approaches and analytical tools as required by research goals.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 24 h | – |
| Check for, and ensure compliance with, environmental laws, and notify law enforcement when violations are identified.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design molecular or cellular laboratory experiments, oversee their execution, and interpret results.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Conduct research on cell organization and function, including mechanisms of gene expression, cellular bioinformatics, cell signaling, or cell differentiation.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Perform laboratory procedures following protocols including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, cloning and extraction, ribonucleic acid (RNA) purification, or gel electrophoresis.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Observe action of microorganisms upon living tissues of plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms, and on dead organic matter.Microbiologists | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop food standards and production specifications, safety and sanitary regulations, and waste management and water supply specifications.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 8.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and function.Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, or chromatography systems.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Provide expertise in the design, management and evaluation of study protocols and health status questionnaires, sample selection, and analysis.Epidemiologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify, classify, and study structure, behavior, ecology, physiology, nutrition, culture, and distribution of plant and animal species.Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Identify and analyze public health issues related to foodborne parasitic diseases and their impact on public policies, scientific studies, or surveys.Epidemiologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Analyze large molecular datasets, such as raw microarray data, genomic sequence data, or proteomics data, for clinical or basic research purposes.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop new or improved ways of preserving, processing, packaging, storing, and delivering foods, using knowledge of chemistry, microbiology, and other sciences.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 35 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Direct, coordinate, organize, or prioritize biological laboratory activities.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Instruct undergraduate and graduate students within the areas of cellular or molecular biology.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Study physical principles of living cells or organisms and their electrical or mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Organize and conduct experimental studies with live animals in controlled or natural surroundings.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 22 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Disseminate information by writing reports and scientific papers or journal articles, and by making presentations and giving talks for schools, clubs, interest groups and park interpretive programs.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Keep abreast of new biochemistries, instrumentation, or software by reading scientific literature and attending professional conferences.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 68% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Manipulate publicly accessible, commercial, or proprietary genomic, proteomic, or post-genomic databases.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.0 h | Access to systems |
| Plan or conduct basic genomic and biological research related to areas such as regulation of gene expression, protein interactions, metabolic networks, and nucleic acid or protein complexes.Geneticists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Evaluate food processing and storage operations and assist in the development of quality assurance programs for such operations.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Review, approve, or interpret genetic laboratory results.Geneticists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.3 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.Epidemiologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 24 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Research environmental effects of present and potential uses of land and water areas, determining methods of improving environmental conditions or such outputs as crop yields.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Direct the work of technicians and information technology staff applying bioinformatics tools or applications in areas such as proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, or clinical bioinformatics.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 2.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare technical reports and recommendations, based upon research outcomes.Microbiologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Conduct literature reviews.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 16 h | Access to systems |
| Teach or supervise students and perform research at universities and colleges.Biologists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise technical personnel and postdoctoral research fellows.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 2.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Determine genetic composition of animal populations and heritability of traits, using principles of genetics.Animal Scientists · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Research use of bacteria and microorganisms to develop vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, grain alcohol, sugars, and polymers.Microbiologists · supplemental task | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Search scientific literature to select and modify methods and procedures most appropriate for genetic research goals.Geneticists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 4.0 h | – |
| Compile and analyze molecular or cellular experimental data and adjust experimental designs as necessary.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Consult with and advise physicians, educators, researchers, government health officials and others regarding medical applications of sciences, such as physics, biology, and chemistry.Epidemiologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Demonstrate products to clients.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Develop data models and databases.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Provide scientific direction for project teams regarding the evaluation or handling of devices, drugs, or cells for in vitro and in vivo disease models.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Communicate research results through conference presentations, scientific publications, or project reports.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 7.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Crossbreed animals with existing strains or cross strains to obtain new combinations of desirable characteristics.Animal Scientists · supplemental task | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 21 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Study growth, structure, development, and general characteristics of bacteria and other microorganisms to understand their relationship to human, plant, and animal health.Microbiologists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Coordinate preventive programs to control the outbreak of wildlife diseases.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 23 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings.Epidemiologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 24 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan, administer and evaluate health safety standards and programs to improve public health, conferring with health department, industry personnel, physicians, and others.Epidemiologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 8.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compile data for use in activities, such as gene expression profiling, genome annotation, or structural bioinformatics.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.5% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 4.0 h | – |
| Extract deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or perform diagnostic tests involving processes such as gel electrophoresis, Southern blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Geneticists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study the structure and function of human, animal, and plant tissues, cells, pathogens, and toxins.Microbiologists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop and maintain liaisons and effective working relations with groups and individuals, agencies, and the public to encourage cooperative management strategies or to develop information and interpret findings.Biologists | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 3.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review reports and proposals, such as those relating to land use classifications and recreational development, for accuracy, adequacy, or adherence to policies, regulations, or scientific standards.Biologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 3.0 h | Accountability |
| Collect and analyze biological data about relationships among and between organisms and their environment.Biologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Study aquatic plants and animals and environmental conditions affecting them, such as radioactivity or pollution.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Study and manage wild animal populations.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate genetic data by performing appropriate mathematical or statistical calculations and analyses.Geneticists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Design or perform experiments with equipment, such as lasers, accelerators, or mass spectrometers.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Write articles for publication in professional journals.Epidemiologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 45 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor or operate specialized equipment, such as gas chromatographs and high pressure liquid chromatographs, electrophoresis units, thermocyclers, fluorescence activated cell sorters, and phosphorimagers.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Design and apply bioinformatics algorithms including unsupervised and supervised machine learning, dynamic programming, or graphic algorithms.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 8.0 h | – |
| Analyze determinants responsible for specific inherited traits, and devise methods for altering traits or producing new traits.Geneticists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Provide statistical and computational tools for biologically based activities, such as genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, or gene function determination.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 5.5 h | – |
| Prepare or review reports, manuscripts, or meeting presentations.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 4.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Share research findings by writing scientific articles or by making presentations at scientific conferences.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 40 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct chemical analyses of substances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes.Microbiologists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Evaluate, diagnose, or treat genetic diseases.Geneticists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write grant applications to fund epidemiologic research.Epidemiologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 60 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, or living energy changes, such as growth, aging, or death.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Attend clinical and research conferences and read scientific literature to keep abreast of technological advances and current genetic research findings.Geneticists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop new products and procedures for sterilization, food and pharmaceutical supply preservation, or microbial contamination detection.Microbiologists | 0.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 44 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare plans for management of renewable resources.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 40 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare collections of preserved specimens or microscopic slides for species identification and study of development or disease.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Research the chemical effects of substances, such as drugs, serums, hormones, or food, on tissues or vital processes.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Prepare reports or recommendations, based upon research outcomes.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Create or modify web-based bioinformatics tools.Bioinformatics Scientists | 0.4% | L2 | L3L2 | 75% | 8.0 h | – |
| Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer or other diseases.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 23 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Consult with and advise physicians, educators, researchers, and others regarding medical applications of physics, biology, and chemistry.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.3 h | Trust and care |
| Improve user interfaces to bioinformatics software and databases.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 8.0 h | – |
| Evaluate new technologies to enhance or complement current research.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Prepare technical and research reports, such as environmental impact reports, and communicate the results to individuals in industry, government, or the general public.Biologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 13 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Seek substitutes for harmful or undesirable additives, such as nitrites.Food Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Write applications for research grants.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 35 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.Biochemists and Biophysicists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare results of experimental findings for presentation at professional conferences or in scientific journals.Geneticists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 7.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x-rays or electron microscopes.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Measure salinity, acidity, light, oxygen content, and other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Write and publish articles in scientific journals.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 65 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Confer with health departments, industry personnel, physicians, and others to develop health safety standards and public health improvement programs.Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 5.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write grants and papers or attend fundraising events to seek research funds.Geneticists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 40 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct applied research aimed at improvements in areas such as disease testing, crop quality, pharmaceuticals, and the harnessing of microbes to recycle waste.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Instruct medical students, graduate students, or others in methods or procedures for diagnosis and management of genetic disorders.Geneticists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 1.8 h | Trust and care |
| Create or use statistical models for the analysis of genetic data.Geneticists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 6.0 h | – |
| Collaborate with biologists and other professionals to conduct appropriate genetic and biochemical analyses.Geneticists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Isolate, analyze, or synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, or enzymes and determine their effects on body functions.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 40 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Confer with departments, such as marketing, business development, or operations, to coordinate product development or improvement.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Verify that cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and related equipment and instrumentation is maintained in working condition to ensure accuracy and quality of experimental results.Geneticists | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design or build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Research how characteristics of plants or animals are carried through successive generations.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Examine the molecular or chemical aspects of immune system functioning.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop pest management and control measures, and conduct risk assessments related to pest exclusion, using scientific methods.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Recommend new systems and processes to improve operations.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop assays that monitor cell characteristics.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Collect and dissect animal specimens and examine specimens under microscope.Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Verify all financial, physical, and human resources assigned to research or development projects are used as planned.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Write grant applications to obtain funding.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 70 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop methods and apparatus for securing representative plant, animal, aquatic, or soil samples.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Instruct others in the selection and use of bioinformatics tools.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.3 h | Trust and care |
| Develop or test new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 42 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Conduct family medical studies to evaluate the genetic basis for traits or diseases.Geneticists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate the nature, composition, or expression of genes or research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.Biochemists and Biophysicists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Prepare requests for proposals or statements of work.Biologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 5.0 h | Access to systems |
| Prepare and analyze samples to study effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, or microorganisms on cell structure and tissue.Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 24% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Coordinate molecular or cellular research activities with scientists specializing in other fields.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop or execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.Biochemists and Biophysicists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Communicate research or project results to other professionals or the public or teach related courses, seminars, or workshops.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 4.0 h | Trust and care |
| Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians.Epidemiologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Maintain laboratory safety programs and train personnel in laboratory safety techniques.Geneticists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Test new and updated bioinformatics tools and software.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L3L2 | 75% | 4.0 h | – |
| Collaborate with software developers in the development and modification of commercial bioinformatics software.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 5.0 h | Access to systems |
| Plan and administer biological research programs for government, research firms, medical industries, or manufacturing firms.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 8.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write grant proposals to obtain funding for biological research.Biologists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 30 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Participate in all levels of bioproduct development, including proposing new products, performing market analyses, designing and performing experiments, and collaborating with operations and quality control teams during product launches.Molecular and Cellular Biologists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide information or recommendations to farmers or other landowners regarding ways in which they can best use land, promote plant growth, or avoid or correct problems such as erosion.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Communicate test results to state and federal representatives and general public.Biologists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Produce pharmaceutically or industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.Biochemists and Biophysicists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 210 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design sampling plans or coordinate the field collection of samples such as tissue specimens.Geneticists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop protocols to improve existing genetic techniques or to incorporate new diagnostic procedures.Geneticists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 23 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Investigate responses of soils to specific management practices to determine the use capabilities of soils and the effects of alternative practices on soil productivity.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Participate in the development of endangered species breeding programs or species survival plans.Geneticists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop guidelines for procedures such as the management of viruses.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 5.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop methods of conserving or managing soil that can be applied by farmers or forestry companies.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 24 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare summary statistics of information regarding human genomes.Bioinformatics Scientists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 3.0 h | – |
| Design and maintain genetics computer databases.Geneticists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Conduct experiments to develop new or improved varieties of field crops, focusing on characteristics such as yield, quality, disease resistance, nutritional value, or adaptation to specific soils or climates.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 50 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Evaluate new supplies and equipment to ensure operability in specific laboratory settings.Molecular and Cellular Biologists | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Confer with information technology specialists to develop computer applications for genetic data analysis.Geneticists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.5 h | – |
| Investigate soil problems or poor water quality to determine sources and effects.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 9.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Conduct experiments to investigate the underlying mechanisms of plant growth and response to the environment.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 28 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop methods to process, store, or use foods, drugs, or chemical compounds.Biochemists and Biophysicists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study soil characteristics to classify soils on the basis of factors such as geographic location, landscape position, or soil properties.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop new or improved methods or products for controlling or eliminating weeds, crop diseases, or insect pests.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 42 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Represent employer in a technical capacity at conferences.Biologists | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify degraded or contaminated soils and develop plans to improve their chemical, biological, or physical characteristics.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Conduct research to determine best methods of planting, spraying, cultivating, harvesting, storing, processing, or transporting horticultural products.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Study ways to improve agricultural sustainability, such as the use of new methods of composting.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Study reactions of plants, animals, and marine species to parasites.Biologists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop environmentally safe methods or products for controlling or eliminating weeds, crop diseases, or pests.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 30 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Confer with vendors to evaluate new equipment or reagents or to discuss the customization of product lines to meet user requirements.Molecular and Cellular Biologists · supplemental task | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 2.5 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform chemical analyses of the microorganism content of soils to determine microbial reactions or chemical mineralogical relationships to plant growth.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 5.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Provide advice regarding the development of regulatory standards for land reclamation or soil conservation.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 7.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Develop improved measurement techniques, soil conservation methods, soil sampling devices, or related technology.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop ways of altering soils to suit different types of plants.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Consult with engineers or other technical personnel working on construction projects about the effects of soil problems and possible solutions to these problems.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 1.3 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Survey undisturbed or disturbed lands for classification, inventory, mapping, environmental impact assessments, environmental protection planning, conservation planning, or reclamation planning.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design databases, such as mutagenesis libraries.Molecular and Cellular Biologists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | – |
| Conduct experiments investigating how soil forms, changes, or interacts with land-based ecosystems or living organisms.Soil and Plant Scientists | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 25 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Identify or classify species of insects or allied forms, such as mites or spiders.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Plan or supervise waste management programs for composting or farming.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Research technical requirements or environmental impacts of urban green spaces, such as green roof installations.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L3L2 | 80% | 6.0 h | – |
| Plan curatorial programs for species collections that include acquisition, distribution, maintenance, or regeneration.Geneticists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study insect distribution or habitat and recommend methods to prevent importation or spread of injurious species.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 7.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan or supervise land conservation or reclamation programs for industrial development projects.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct experiments regarding causes of bee diseases or factors affecting yields of nectar or pollen.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Conduct research into the use of plant species as green fuels or in the production of green fuels.Soil and Plant Scientists · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 24 h | Physical presence |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 72.0% | 70 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.48 | 73 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 0.926 | 74 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 77.96 | 70 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.426 | 81 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.122 | 76 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (21)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Graphic and multimedia designers 2166 | 96.8 | |
| Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians 2120 | 96.5 | |
| Meteorologists 2112 | 94.4 | |
| Electrical engineers 2151 | 91.8 | |
| Building architects 2161 | 91.1 | |
| Telecommunications engineers 2153 | 90.1 | |
| Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified 2149 | 89.4 | |
| Chemical engineers 2145 | 88.9 | |
| Environmental engineers 2143 | 88.6 | |
| Industrial and production engineers 2141 | 87.6 | |
| Electronics engineers 2152 | 85.5 | |
| Mechanical engineers 2144 | 84.9 |
Dashed line: biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals (72.0%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals (ISCO-08 2131), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2131
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals (ISCO-08 2131)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2131.json.