ISCO-08 2114
Geologists and geophysicists
82.7%
ADI · 102nd of 433 · 95% interval 72.5–92.4
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 82.7% of the task time of geologists and geophysicists, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full82.7%
102nd of 433 · interval 72.5–92.4
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time52.9%
107th of 433 · interval 49.5–56.1
Evidence81
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 0.3 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 0.0%L1Augmentation · 17.3%L2Partial delegation · 82.7%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
81 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Coordinate and supervise the work of professional and technical staff, including research assistants, technologists, and technicians.Hydrologists | 3.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 3.0 h | Trust and care |
| Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Measure and graph phenomena such as lake levels, stream flows, and changes in water volumes.Hydrologists | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Prepare written and oral reports describing research results, using illustrations, maps, appendices, and other information.Hydrologists | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 9.0 h | Accountability |
| Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 2.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 5.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 7.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Apply research findings to help minimize the environmental impacts of pollution, waterborne diseases, erosion, and sedimentation.Hydrologists | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 2.2% | L2 | L3L2 | 78% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Study and analyze the physical aspects of the earth in terms of hydrological components, including atmosphere, hydrosphere, and interior structure.Hydrologists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design and conduct scientific hydrogeological investigations to ensure that accurate and appropriate information is available for use in water resource management decisions.Hydrologists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 25 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 28 h | Accountability, Trust and care |
| Conduct research and communicate information to promote the conservation and preservation of water resources.Hydrologists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study public water supply issues, including flood and drought risks, water quality, wastewater, and impacts on wetland habitats.Hydrologists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study and document quantities, distribution, disposition, and development of underground and surface waters.Hydrologists | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Show the other 66 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluate research data in terms of its impact on issues such as soil and water conservation, flood control planning, and water supply forecasting.Hydrologists | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Collect and analyze water samples as part of field investigations or to validate data from automatic monitors.Hydrologists | 2.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 5.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop computer models for hydrologic predictions.Hydrologists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 23 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Install, maintain, and calibrate instruments such as those that monitor water levels, rainfall, and sediments.Hydrologists | 1.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Evaluate data and provide recommendations regarding the feasibility of municipal projects, such as hydroelectric power plants, irrigation systems, flood warning systems, and waste treatment facilities.Hydrologists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 13 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Prepare hydrogeologic evaluations of known or suspected hazardous waste sites and land treatment and feedlot facilities.Hydrologists | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 28 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Review environmental, historical, or technical reports and publications for accuracy.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 12 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, using test equipment or drilling machinery.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 1.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity or magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, or magnetometers.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop or modify methods for conducting hydrologic studies.Hydrologists | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 8.0 h | – |
| Answer questions and provide technical assistance and information to contractors or the public regarding issues such as well drilling, code requirements, hydrology, and geology.Hydrologists | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 32 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Test industrial diamonds or abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, or precision instruments.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor the work of well contractors, exploratory borers, and engineers and enforce rules regarding their activities.Hydrologists | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review work plans to determine the effectiveness of activities for mitigating soil or groundwater contamination.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Review applications for site plans and permits and recommend approval, denial, modification, or further investigative action.Hydrologists | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 3.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design geological mine maps, monitor mine structural integrity, or advise and monitor mining crews.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate complaints or conflicts related to the alteration of public waters, gathering information, recommending alternatives, informing participants of progress, and preparing draft orders.Hydrologists | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 12 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct short- and long-term climate assessments and study storm occurrences.Hydrologists | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Accountability |
| Investigate properties, origins, and activities of glaciers, ice, snow, and permafrost.Hydrologists | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compile and evaluate hydrologic information to prepare navigational charts and maps and to predict atmospheric conditions.Hydrologists · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Administer programs designed to ensure the proper sealing of abandoned wells.Hydrologists | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 22 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Identify deposits of construction materials suitable for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or other applications.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop strategies for more environmentally friendly resource extraction and reclamation.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design civil works associated with hydrographic activities and supervise their construction, installation, and maintenance.Hydrologists · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 24 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide advice on the safe siting of new nuclear reactor projects or methods of nuclear waste management.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 24 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Locate potential sources of geothermal energy.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 23 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop ways to capture or use gases burned off as waste during oil production processes.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 24 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Identify possible sites for carbon sequestration projects.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 22 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Manage or analyze data obtained from remote sensing systems to obtain meaningful results.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | – |
| Identify new sources of platinum group elements for industrial applications, such as automotive fuel cells or pollution abatement systems.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Integrate other geospatial data sources into projects.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Determine ways to mitigate the negative consequences of mineral dust dispersion.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 8.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Research ways to reduce the ecological footprint of increasingly prevalent megacities.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Analyze data acquired from aircraft, satellites, or ground-based platforms, using statistical analysis software, image analysis software, or Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 4.0 h | – |
| Organize and maintain geospatial data and associated documentation.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 70% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Compile and format image data to increase its usefulness.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 2.8 h | Access to systems |
| Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 23 h | Access to systems |
| Research geomechanical or geochemical processes to be used in carbon sequestration projects.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 24 h | Access to systems |
| Collaborate with medical or health researchers to address health problems related to geological materials or processes.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 22 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Discuss project goals, equipment requirements, or methodologies with colleagues or team members.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop or build databases for remote sensing or related geospatial project information.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 6.0 h | – |
| Process aerial or satellite imagery to create products such as land cover maps.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.6% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 8.0 h | – |
| Determine methods to incorporate geomethane or methane hydrates into global energy production or evaluate the potential environmental impacts of such incorporation.Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 24 h | Access to systems |
| Direct all activity associated with implementation, operation, or enhancement of remote sensing hardware or software.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design or implement strategies for collection, analysis, or display of geographic data.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Prepare or deliver reports or presentations of geospatial project information.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | Trust and care |
| Train technicians in the use of remote sensing technology.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor quality of remote sensing data collection operations to determine if procedural or equipment changes are necessary.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.8 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Collect supporting data, such as climatic or field survey data, to corroborate remote sensing data analyses.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Attend meetings or seminars or read current literature to maintain knowledge of developments in the field of remote sensing.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.0 h | Access to systems |
| Conduct research into the application or enhancement of remote sensing technology.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 22 h | Access to systems |
| Develop automated routines to correct for the presence of image distorting artifacts, such as ground vegetation.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 6.0 h | – |
| Use remote sensing data for forest or carbon tracking activities to assess the impact of environmental change.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 7.0 h | Accountability |
| Develop new analytical techniques or sensor systems.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 24 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Apply remote sensing data or techniques, such as surface water modeling or dust cloud detection, to address environmental issues.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Accountability |
| Set up or maintain remote sensing data collection systems.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Participate in fieldwork.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 14% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Recommend new remote sensing hardware or software acquisitions.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 8.0 h | Access to systems |
| Direct installation or testing of new remote sensing hardware or software.Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 7.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 82.7% | 77 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.482 | 74 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 0.77 | 70 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 90.6 | 89 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.388 | 77 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.055 | 63 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (21)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Graphic and multimedia designers 2166 | 96.8 | |
| Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians 2120 | 96.5 | |
| Meteorologists 2112 | 94.4 | |
| Electrical engineers 2151 | 91.8 | |
| Building architects 2161 | 91.1 | |
| Telecommunications engineers 2153 | 90.1 | |
| Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified 2149 | 89.4 | |
| Chemical engineers 2145 | 88.9 | |
| Environmental engineers 2143 | 88.6 | |
| Industrial and production engineers 2141 | 87.6 | |
| Electronics engineers 2152 | 85.5 | |
| Mechanical engineers 2144 | 84.9 |
Dashed line: geologists and geophysicists (82.7%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Geologists and geophysicists (ISCO-08 2114), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2114
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Geologists and geophysicists (ISCO-08 2114)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2114.json.