ISCO-08 7311
Precision-instrument makers and repairers
22.2%
ADI · 282nd of 433 · 95% interval 12.0–33.3
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 22.2% of the task time of precision-instrument makers and repairers, and finish 0.9% alone. Most of the rest requires physical presence.
ADI · partial or full22.2%
282nd of 433 · interval 12.0–33.3
ADI3 · full delegation0.9%
165th of 433 · interval 0.0–2.8
ADIs · share of time25.5%
270th of 433 · interval 19.2–31.8
Evidence72
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.9 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 43.8%L1Augmentation · 34.0%L2Partial delegation · 21.3%L3Full delegation · 0.9%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
72 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disassemble equipment to gain access to defect, using hand tools.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 3.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 35 min | Physical presence |
| Clean and lubricate cameras and polish camera lenses, using cleaning materials and work aids.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 45 min | Physical presence |
| Adjust cameras, photographic mechanisms, or equipment such as range and view finders, shutters, light meters, or lens systems, using hand tools.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Install electrical assemblies and wiring in aircraft camera housings and memory cards or film in cameras, following blueprints and using hand tools and soldering equipment.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 2.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Test equipment performance, focus of lens system, diaphragm alignment, lens mounts, or film transport, using precision gauges.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 52 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Reassemble timepieces, replacing glass faces and batteries, before returning them to customers.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 38 min | Physical presence |
| Test or calibrate components or equipment, following manufacturers' manuals and troubleshooting techniques, using hand tools, power tools, or measuring devices.Medical Equipment Repairers | 2.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Oil moving parts of timepieces.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 20 min | Physical presence |
| Disassemble timepieces and inspect them for defective, worn, misaligned, or rusty parts, using loupes.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.0 h | Physical presence |
| Keep records of maintenance, repair, and required updates of equipment.Medical Equipment Repairers | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 20 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Adjust timing regulators, using truing calipers, watch-rate recorders, and tweezers.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 30 min | Physical presence |
| Estimate repair costs and timepiece values.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 45% | 35 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Calibrate and verify accuracy of light meters, shutter diaphragm operation, or lens carriers, using timing instruments.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect, test, or troubleshoot malfunctioning medical or related equipment, following manufacturers' specifications and using test and analysis instruments.Medical Equipment Repairers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Repair or replace broken, damaged, or worn parts on timepieces, using lathes, drill presses, and hand tools.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Show the other 57 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perform preventive maintenance or service, such as cleaning, lubricating, or adjusting equipment.Medical Equipment Repairers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 10% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Clean, rinse, and dry timepiece parts, using solutions and ultrasonic or mechanical watch-cleaning machines.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 32 min | Physical presence |
| Perform regular adjustment and maintenance on timepieces, watch cases, and watch bands.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Examine cameras, equipment, processed film, or laboratory reports to diagnose malfunction, using work aids and specifications.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 52 min | Physical presence |
| Requisition parts or materials.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 25 min | Access to systems |
| Test and replace batteries and other electronic components.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 25 min | Physical presence |
| Read and interpret engineering drawings, diagrams, instructions, or specifications to determine needed repairs, fabrication method, and operation sequence.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Test timepiece accuracy and performance, using meters and other electronic instruments.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Measure parts to verify specified dimensions or settings, such as camera shutter speed or light meter reading accuracy, using measuring instruments.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 2.1% | L0 | L1L0 | 8% | 20 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Gather information from customers about a timepiece's problems and its service history.Watch and Clock Repairers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 18 min | Trust and care |
| Disassemble malfunctioning equipment and remove, repair, or replace defective parts, such as motors, clutches, or transformers.Medical Equipment Repairers | 2.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Record quantities and types of timepieces repaired, serial and model numbers of items, work performed, and charges for repairs.Watch and Clock Repairers | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 8 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Plan and carry out work assignments, using blueprints, schematic drawings, technical manuals, wiring diagrams, or liquid or air flow sheets, following prescribed regulations, directives, or other instructions as required.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assemble aircraft cameras, still or motion picture cameras, photographic equipment, or frames, using diagrams, blueprints, bench machines, hand tools, or power tools.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Examine medical equipment or facility's structural environment and check for proper use of equipment to protect patients and staff from electrical or mechanical hazards and to ensure compliance with safety regulations.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Order supplies, including replacement parts, for timing instruments.Watch and Clock Repairers | 1.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 70% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Test, evaluate, and classify excess or in-use medical equipment and determine serviceability, condition, and disposition, in accordance with regulations.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Fabricate or modify defective electronic, electrical, or mechanical components, using bench lathe, milling machine, shaper, grinder, or precision hand tools, according to specifications.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers | 1.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 14% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Research catalogs or repair part lists to locate sources for repair parts, requisitioning parts and recording their receipt.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 45 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Repair shop equipment, metal furniture, or hospital equipment, including welding broken parts or replacing missing parts, or bring item into local shop for major repairs.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Record test data and document fabrication techniques on reports.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.2 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Explain or demonstrate correct operation or preventive maintenance of medical equipment to personnel.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Demagnetize mechanisms, using demagnetizing machines.Watch and Clock Repairers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 6 min | Physical presence |
| Contribute expertise to develop medical maintenance standard operating procedures.Medical Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Fabricate, dress down, or substitute parts or major new items to modify equipment to meet unique operational or research needs, working from job orders, sketches, modification orders, samples, or discussions with operating officials.Medical Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Install medical equipment.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Study technical manuals or attend training sessions provided by equipment manufacturers to maintain current knowledge.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Solder loose connections, using soldering iron.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Supervise or advise subordinate personnel.Medical Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Fabricate parts for watches and clocks, using small lathes and other machines.Watch and Clock Repairers | 1.1% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.8 h | Physical presence |
| Evaluate technical specifications to identify equipment or systems best suited for intended use and possible purchase, based on specifications, user needs, or technical requirements.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Compute power and space requirements for installing medical, dental, or related equipment and install units to manufacturers' specifications.Medical Equipment Repairers | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Lay out reference points and dimensions on parts or metal stock to be machined, using precision measuring instruments.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 30 min | Physical presence |
| Make computations relating to load requirements of wiring or equipment, using algebraic expressions and standard formulas.Medical Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L3 | L3L3 | 88% | 25 min | – |
| Recommend design changes or upgrades of microfilming, film-developing, or photographic equipment.Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor employees' work levels and review work performance.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Determine schedules, sequences, and assignments for work activities, based on work priority, quantity of equipment, and skill of personnel.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Inspect and monitor work areas, examine tools and equipment, and provide employee safety training to prevent, detect, and correct unsafe conditions or violations of procedures and safety rules.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect, test, and measure completed work, using devices such as hand tools or gauges to verify conformance to standards or repair requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor tool and part inventories and the condition and maintenance of shops to ensure adequate working conditions.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Requisition materials and supplies, such as tools, equipment, or replacement parts.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Perform skilled repair or maintenance operations, using equipment such as hand or power tools, hydraulic presses or shears, or welding equipment.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compute estimates and actual costs of factors such as materials, labor, or outside contractors.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Examine objects, systems, or facilities and analyze information to determine needed installations, services, or repairs.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Interpret specifications, blueprints, or job orders to construct templates and lay out reference points for workers.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.0 h | Physical presence |
| Participate in budget preparation and administration, coordinating purchasing and documentation and monitoring departmental expenditures.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Confer with personnel, such as management, engineering, quality control, customer, or union workers' representatives, to coordinate work activities, resolve employee grievances, or identify and review resource needs.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 1.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop or implement electronic maintenance programs or computer information management systems.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Counsel employees about work-related issues and assist employees to correct job-skill deficiencies.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 52 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compile operational or personnel records, such as time and production records, inventory data, repair or maintenance statistics, or test results.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers · supplemental task | 0.1% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 1.3 h | Access to systems |
| Meet with vendors or suppliers to discuss products used in repair work.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Develop, implement, or evaluate maintenance policies and procedures.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review, evaluate, accept, and coordinate completion of work bid from contractors.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct or arrange for worker training in safety, repair, or maintenance techniques, operational procedures, or equipment use.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design equipment configurations to meet personnel needs.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers · supplemental task | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 2.0 h | Access to systems |
| Recommend or initiate personnel actions, such as hires, promotions, transfers, discharges, or disciplinary measures.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate accidents or injuries and prepare reports of findings.First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 0.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 22.2% | 35 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.233 | 40 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.166 | 46 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 47.067 | 37 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.046 | 25 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.015 | 45 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (73)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-press technicians 7321 | 78.4 | |
| Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials 7317 | 52.2 | |
| Handicraft workers not elsewhere classified 7319 | 52.2 | |
| Printers 7322 | 33.3 | |
| Jewellery and precious-metal workers 7313 | 21.8 | |
| Potters and related workers 7314 | 15.6 | |
| Print finishing and binding workers 7323 | 13.1 | |
| Musical instrument makers and tuners 7312 | 5.5 | |
| Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers 7316 | 4.4 | |
| Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers 7315 | 3.7 | |
| Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials 7318 | 0.0 |
Dashed line: precision-instrument makers and repairers (22.2%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Precision-instrument makers and repairers (ISCO-08 7311), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/7311
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Precision-instrument makers and repairers (ISCO-08 7311)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/7311.json.