ISCO-08 7322
Printers
33.3%
ADI · 236th of 433 · 95% interval 15.0–51.5
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 33.3% of the task time of printers, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full33.3%
236th of 433 · interval 15.0–51.5
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time31.9%
237th of 433 · interval 21.8–41.4
Evidence23
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 4.9 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 31.6%L1Augmentation · 35.0%L2Partial delegation · 33.3%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
23 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start presses and pull proofs to check for ink coverage and density, alignment, and registration.Printing Press Operators | 5.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Examine job orders to determine quantities to be printed, stock specifications, colors, or special printing instructions.Printing Press Operators | 5.1% | L2 | L3L2 | 75% | 15 min | Access to systems |
| Collect and inspect random samples during print runs to identify any necessary adjustments.Printing Press Operators | 5.1% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 12 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Adjust ink fountain flow rates.Printing Press Operators | 5.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor automated press operation systems and respond to fault, error, or alert messages.Printing Press Operators | 4.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Feed paper through press cylinders and adjust feed and tension controls.Printing Press Operators | 4.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Load presses with paper and make necessary adjustments, according to paper size.Printing Press Operators | 4.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence |
| Verify that paper and ink meet the specifications for a given job.Printing Press Operators | 4.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Secure printing plates to printing units and adjust tolerances.Printing Press Operators | 4.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Input production job settings into workstation terminals that control automated printing systems.Printing Press Operators | 4.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 12 min | Access to systems |
| Obtain or mix inks and fill ink fountains.Printing Press Operators | 4.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 16% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Download or scan files to be printed, using printing production software.Printing Press Operators · supplemental task | 4.5% | L2 | L2L3 | 68% | 15 min | Access to systems |
| Clean ink fountains, plates, or printing unit cylinders when press runs are completed.Printing Press Operators | 4.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain time or production records.Printing Press Operators | 4.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Change press plates, blankets, or cylinders, as required.Printing Press Operators | 4.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Show the other 8 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct or monitor work of press crews.Printing Press Operators · supplemental task | 4.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Adjust digital files to alter print elements, such as fonts, graphics, or color separations.Printing Press Operators · supplemental task | 4.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Control workflow scheduling or job tracking, using computer database software.Printing Press Operators · supplemental task | 3.9% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Download completed jobs to archive media so that questions can be answered or jobs replicated.Printing Press Operators · supplemental task | 3.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 72% | 20 min | Access to systems |
| Monitor environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature, that may impact equipment performance and make necessary adjustments.Printing Press Operators | 3.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Clean or oil presses or make minor repairs, using hand tools.Printing Press Operators | 3.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor inventory levels on a regular basis, ordering or requesting additional supplies, as necessary.Printing Press Operators | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up or operate auxiliary equipment, such as cutting, folding, plate-making, drilling, or laminating machines.Printing Press Operators · supplemental task | 2.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 33.3% | 46 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.319 | 50 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.709 | 33 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 89 | 88 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.196 | 55 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0 | 16 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (73)
Neighbouring occupations
Dashed line: printers (33.3%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Printers (ISCO-08 7322), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/7322
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Printers (ISCO-08 7322)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/7322.json.