ISCO-08 2261
Dentists
27.2%
ADI · 261st of 433 · 95% interval 15.1–38.9
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 27.2% of the task time of dentists, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full27.2%
261st of 433 · interval 15.1–38.9
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time24.8%
275th of 433 · interval 19.6–30.0
Evidence57
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 2.0 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 41.8%L1Augmentation · 31.0%L2Partial delegation · 27.2%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
57 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administer general and local anesthetics.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 3.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Remove impacted, damaged, and non-restorable teeth.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 3.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Evaluate the position of the wisdom teeth to determine whether problems exist currently or might occur in the future.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 3.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Examine patients to diagnose oral health conditions and diseases.Prosthodontists | 2.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 42 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Measure and take impressions of patients' jaws and teeth to determine the shape and size of dental prostheses, using face bows, dental articulators, recording devices, and other materials.Prosthodontists | 2.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Fit prostheses to patients, making any necessary adjustments and modifications.Prosthodontists | 2.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Replace missing teeth and associated oral structures with permanent fixtures, such as implant-supported prostheses, crowns and bridges, or removable fixtures, such as dentures.Prosthodontists | 2.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 24% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with other professionals, such as restorative dentists and orthodontists, to plan treatment.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 52 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design and fabricate dental prostheses, or supervise dental technicians and laboratory bench workers who construct the devices.Prosthodontists | 2.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose teeth and jaw or other dental-facial abnormalities.Orthodontists | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Adjust dental appliances to produce and maintain normal function.Orthodontists | 2.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Examine patients to assess abnormalities of jaw development, tooth position, and other dental-facial structures.Orthodontists | 2.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 35 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Advise patients to comply with treatment plans.Orthodontists | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 12 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Fit dental appliances in patients' mouths to alter the position and relationship of teeth and jaws or to realign teeth.Orthodontists | 2.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 42 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study diagnostic records, such as medical or dental histories, plaster models of the teeth, photos of a patient's face and teeth, and X-rays, to develop patient treatment plans.Orthodontists | 2.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 50 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
Show the other 42 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perform surgery to prepare the mouth for dental implants and to aid in the regeneration of deficient bone and gum tissues.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 2.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Instruct dental officers and technical assistants in orthodontic procedures and techniques.Orthodontists | 2.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare diagnostic and treatment records.Orthodontists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Provide patients with proposed treatment plans and cost estimates.Orthodontists | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 38 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Collaborate with general dentists, specialists, and other health professionals to develop solutions to dental and oral health concerns.Prosthodontists | 2.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 45 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Use bonding technology on the surface of the teeth to change tooth shape or to close gaps.Prosthodontists | 2.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat infections of the oral cavity, salivary glands, jaws, and neck.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 2.2% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design and fabricate appliances, such as space maintainers, retainers, and labial and lingual arch wires.Orthodontists | 2.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Use masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect patients and self from infectious diseases.Dentists, General | 1.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Coordinate orthodontic services with other dental and medical services.Orthodontists | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 38 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Repair, reline, or rebase dentures.Prosthodontists | 1.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat problems affecting the oral mucosa, such as mouth ulcers and infections.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 1.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Use dental air turbines, hand instruments, dental appliances, or surgical implements.Dentists, General | 1.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Examine teeth, gums, and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, or other diagnostic equipment, to evaluate dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments.Dentists, General | 1.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 42 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures.Dentists, General | 1.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Restore function and aesthetics to traumatic injury survivors, or to individuals with diseases or congenital disabilities.Prosthodontists | 1.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat facial pain and jaw joint problems.Prosthodontists | 1.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Remove tumors and other abnormal growths of the oral and facial regions, using surgical instruments.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 1.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Advise or instruct patients regarding preventive dental care, the causes and treatment of dental problems, or oral health care services.Dentists, General | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 18 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, or malformations of teeth, gums, or related oral structures and provide preventive or corrective services.Dentists, General | 1.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Formulate plan of treatment for patient's teeth and mouth tissue.Dentists, General | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide emergency treatment of facial injuries including facial lacerations, intra-oral lacerations, and fractured facial bones.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Place veneers onto teeth to conceal defects.Prosthodontists | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Write prescriptions for antibiotics or other medications.Dentists, General | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 5 min | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Manage business aspects such as employing or supervising staff or handling paperwork or insurance claims.Dentists, General | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.8 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Design, make, or fit prosthodontic appliances, such as space maintainers, bridges, or dentures, or write fabrication instructions or prescriptions for denturists or dental technicians.Dentists, General | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform surgery on the mouth and jaws to treat conditions such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and jaw growth problems.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Analyze or evaluate dental needs to determine changes or trends in patterns of dental disease.Dentists, General | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 3.0 h | Access to systems |
| Restore form and function by moving skin, bone, nerves, and other tissues from other parts of the body to reconstruct the jaws and face.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 7.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Bleach discolored teeth to brighten and whiten them.Prosthodontists | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Apply fluoride or sealants to teeth.Dentists, General | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Fill pulp chamber and canal with endodontic materials.Dentists, General | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Treat exposure of pulp by pulp capping, removal of pulp from pulp chamber, or root canal, using dental instruments.Dentists, General | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Eliminate irritating margins of fillings and correct occlusions, using dental instruments.Dentists, General | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Remove diseased tissue, using surgical instruments.Dentists, General | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform oral or periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth.Dentists, General | 0.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Bleach, clean, or polish teeth to restore natural color.Dentists, General | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 52 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan, organize, or maintain dental health programs.Dentists, General | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform minor facial rejuvenation procedures, including the use of Botox and laser technology.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Perform minor cosmetic procedures, such as chin and cheekbone enhancements.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Produce or evaluate dental health educational materials.Dentists, General | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 72% | 3.0 h | Accountability |
| Treat snoring problems, using laser surgery.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · supplemental task | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 27.2% | 40 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.165 | 28 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.104 | 50 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 54 | 46 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.038 | 21 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.008 | 39 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (22)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Dieticians and nutritionists 2265 | 87.0 | |
| Pharmacists 2262 | 77.6 | |
| Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals 2263 | 69.5 | |
| Generalist medical practitioners 2211 | 56.2 | |
| Specialist medical practitioners 2212 | 52.9 | |
| Traditional and complementary medicine professionals 2230 | 47.8 | |
| Audiologists and speech therapists 2266 | 47.0 | |
| Physiotherapists 2264 | 46.7 | |
| Health professionals not elsewhere classified 2269 | 46.0 | |
| Nursing professionals 2221 | 44.4 | |
| Paramedical practitioners 2240 | 35.6 | |
| Midwifery professionals 2222 | 33.7 |
Dashed line: dentists (27.2%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Dentists (ISCO-08 2261), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/2261
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Dentists (ISCO-08 2261)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/2261.json.