ISCO-08 9331
Hand and pedal vehicle drivers
15.2%
ADI · 324th of 433 · 95% interval 4.8–29.3
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 15.2% of the task time of hand and pedal vehicle drivers, and finish 1.9% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full15.2%
324th of 433 · interval 4.8–29.3
ADI3 · full delegation1.9%
122nd of 433 · interval 0.0–6.4
ADIs · share of time15.2%
355th of 433 · interval 9.4–23.5
Evidence33
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.4 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 69.5%L1Augmentation · 15.2%L2Partial delegation · 13.3%L3Full delegation · 1.9%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
33 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change aircraft oil, coolant, or other fluids.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Clean aircraft interiors by picking up waste, wiping down windows, or vacuuming.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Tow aircraft to gates or hangars using tugs, tractors, or other vehicles.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Remove exhaust stains from aircraft using cleaning fluids.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Refuel aircraft using hoses connected to fuel trucks.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 28 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Refill aircraft potable water tanks.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Radio to flight dispatchers or other personnel to discuss incoming or outgoing aircraft.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 5 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Polish aircraft exteriors.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2.5 h | Physical presence |
| Mix cleaning compounds or solutions.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Load baggage or cargo for crew or passengers.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect aircraft components to locate cracks, breaks, leaks, or other problems.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Guide aircraft to designated areas using hand signals, batons, or other methods.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Empty aircraft lavatory systems or refill them with sanitizer fluid.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| De-grease aircraft exteriors.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Complete forms describing tasks completed.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Show the other 18 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climb ladders to reach aircraft surfaces to be cleaned.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 10 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Wash the aircraft exteriors using lifts, cranes, detergent, or other equipment.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Apply de-icing fluid to aircraft from baskets lifted by truck-mounted cranes.Aircraft Service Attendants · supplemental task | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Walk, ride bicycles, drive vehicles, or use public conveyances to reach destinations to deliver messages or materials.Couriers and Messengers | 2.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record information, such as items received and delivered and recipients' responses to messages.Couriers and Messengers | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 9 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Receive messages or materials to be delivered, and information on recipients, such as names, addresses, telephone numbers, and delivery instructions, communicated via telephone, two-way radio, or in person.Couriers and Messengers | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Deliver and pick up medical records, lab specimens, and medications to and from hospitals and other medical facilities.Couriers and Messengers | 2.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan and follow the most efficient routes for delivering goods.Couriers and Messengers | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Sort items to be delivered according to the delivery route.Couriers and Messengers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Load vehicles with listed goods, ensuring goods are loaded correctly and taking precautions with hazardous goods.Couriers and Messengers | 2.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 10% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Deliver messages and items, such as newspapers, documents, and packages, between establishment departments and to other establishments and private homes.Couriers and Messengers | 2.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 32 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Obtain signatures and payments, or arrange for recipients to make payments.Couriers and Messengers | 2.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Unload and sort items collected along delivery routes.Couriers and Messengers | 2.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Check with home offices after completed deliveries to confirm deliveries and collections and to receive instructions for other deliveries.Couriers and Messengers | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 7 min | Access to systems |
| Perform general office or clerical work, such as filing materials, operating duplicating machines, or running errands.Couriers and Messengers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Use telephone to deliver verbal messages.Couriers and Messengers · supplemental task | 1.9% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 5 min | Access to systems |
| Collect, seal, and stamp outgoing mail, using postage meters and envelope sealers.Couriers and Messengers · supplemental task | 1.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Perform routine maintenance on delivery vehicles, such as monitoring fluid levels and replenishing fuel.Couriers and Messengers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 15.2% | 25 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.208 | 37 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -1.052 | 19 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 48 | 38 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.108 | 39 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.014 | 44 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (93)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Freight handlers 9333 | 45.3 | |
| Shelf fillers 9334 | 23.2 | |
| Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified 9329 | 18.4 | |
| Hand packers 9321 | 8.5 | |
| Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery 9332 | 5.6 | |
| Building construction labourers 9313 | 1.1 | |
| Mining and quarrying labourers 9311 | 0.0 | |
| Civil engineering labourers 9312 | 0.0 |
Dashed line: hand and pedal vehicle drivers (15.2%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Hand and pedal vehicle drivers (ISCO-08 9331), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/9331
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Hand and pedal vehicle drivers (ISCO-08 9331)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/9331.json.