ISCO-08 9312
Civil engineering labourers
0.0%
ADI · 418th of 433 · 95% interval 0.0–0.0
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 0.0% of the task time of civil engineering labourers, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full0.0%
418th of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time5.3%
432nd of 433 · interval 4.3–6.4
Evidence45
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 3.1 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 96.4%L1Augmentation · 3.6%L2Partial delegation · 0.0%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
45 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Set out signs and cones around work areas to divert traffic.Highway Maintenance Workers | 4.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Drive trucks to transport crews and equipment to work sites.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform preventative maintenance on vehicles and heavy equipment.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Flag motorists to warn them of obstacles or repair work ahead.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 2% | 35 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Drive heavy equipment and vehicles with adjustable attachments to sweep debris from paved surfaces, mow grass and weeds, remove snow and ice, and spread salt and sand.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Clean and clear debris from culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, ditches, and other drain structures.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Dump, spread, and tamp asphalt, using pneumatic tampers, to repair joints and patch broken pavement.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 52 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Haul and spread sand, gravel, and clay to fill washouts and repair road shoulders.Highway Maintenance Workers | 3.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Erect, install, or repair guardrails, road shoulders, berms, highway markers, warning signals, and highway lighting, using hand tools and power tools.Highway Maintenance Workers | 2.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect, clean, and repair drainage systems, bridges, tunnels, and other structures.Highway Maintenance Workers | 2.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Patrol assigned track sections so that damaged or broken track can be located and reported.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 8% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Operate track wrenches to tighten or loosen bolts at joints that hold ends of rails together.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Operate single- or multiple-head spike driving machines to drive spikes into ties and secure rails.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Remove litter and debris from roadways, including debris from rock and mud slides.Highway Maintenance Workers | 2.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Observe leveling indicator arms to verify levelness and alignment of tracks.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Show the other 30 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure and mark locations for installation of markers, using tape, string, or chalk.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 2.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Lubricate machines, change oil, or fill hydraulic reservoirs to specified levels.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Repair or adjust track switches, using wrenches and replacement parts.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Apply oil to road surfaces, using sprayers.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Adjust controls of machines that spread, shape, raise, level, or align track, according to specifications.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 14% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Raise rails, using hydraulic jacks, to allow for tie removal and replacement.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Cut rails to specified lengths, using rail saws.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 4% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Clean or make minor repairs to machines or equipment.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Engage mechanisms that lay tracks or rails to specified gauges.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 2.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Clean, grade, or level ballast on railroad tracks.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Drill holes through rails, tie plates, or fishplates for insertion of bolts or spikes, using power drills.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform roadside landscaping work, such as clearing weeds and brush, and planting and trimming trees.Highway Maintenance Workers | 2.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Inspect markers to verify accurate installation.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 2.0% | L0 | L0L2 | 20% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Operate single- or multiple-head spike pullers to pull old spikes from ties.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 2.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| String and attach wire-guidelines machine to rails so that tracks or rails can be aligned or leveled.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Apply poisons along roadsides and in animal burrows to eliminate unwanted roadside vegetation and rodents.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 1.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Dress and reshape worn or damaged railroad switch points or frogs, using portable power grinders.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 1.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Clean tracks or clear ice or snow from tracks or switch boxes.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 1.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Push controls to close grasping devices on track or rail sections so that they can be raised or moved.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Weld sections of track together, such as switch points and frogs.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Drive graders, tamping machines, brooms, or ballast spreading machines to redistribute gravel or ballast between rails.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Grind ends of new or worn rails to attain smooth joints, using portable grinders.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Drive vehicles that automatically move and lay tracks or rails over sections of track to be constructed, repaired, or maintained.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Blend compounds to form adhesive mixtures used for marker installation.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 1.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 22 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Paint traffic control lines and place pavement traffic messages, by hand or using machines.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Turn wheels of machines, using lever controls, to adjust guidelines for track alignments or grades, following specifications.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Spray ties, fishplates, or joints with oil to protect them from weathering.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Operate tie-adzing machines to cut ties and permit insertion of fishplates that hold rails.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Paint railroad signs, such as speed limits or gate-crossing warnings.Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators · supplemental task | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Place and remove snow fences used to prevent the accumulation of drifting snow on highways.Highway Maintenance Workers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 0.0% | 4 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.01 | 3 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -1.421 | 7 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 41.6 | 30 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.001 | 7 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0 | 16 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (93)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Freight handlers 9333 | 45.3 | |
| Shelf fillers 9334 | 23.2 | |
| Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified 9329 | 18.4 | |
| Hand and pedal vehicle drivers 9331 | 15.2 | |
| Hand packers 9321 | 8.5 | |
| Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery 9332 | 5.6 | |
| Building construction labourers 9313 | 1.1 | |
| Mining and quarrying labourers 9311 | 0.0 |
Dashed line: civil engineering labourers (0.0%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Civil engineering labourers (ISCO-08 9312), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/9312
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Civil engineering labourers (ISCO-08 9312)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/9312.json.