Hand packers
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 8.5% of the task time of hand packers, and finish 0.0% alone. Most of the rest requires physical presence.
370th of 433 · interval 0.0–26.3
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
405th of 433 · interval 3.2–20.3
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 11.3 million.
How the tasks rate
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examine and inspect containers, materials, or products to ensure that product quality and packing specifications are met.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 10.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Measure, weigh, and count products and materials.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 9.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 5 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Remove completed or defective products or materials, placing them on moving equipment, such as conveyors, or in specified areas, such as loading docks.Packers and Packagers, Hand · supplemental task | 8.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 3 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Mark and label containers, container tags, or products, using marking tools.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 8.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 3 min | Physical presence |
| Seal containers or materials, using glues, fasteners, nails, and hand tools.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 8.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 3 min | Physical presence |
| Assemble, line, and pad cartons, crates, and containers, using hand tools.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 8.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 5 min | Physical presence |
| Record product, packaging, and order information on specified forms and records.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 8.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 12 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Place or pour products or materials into containers, using hand tools and equipment, or fill containers from spouts or chutes.Packers and Packagers, Hand · supplemental task | 8.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 12 min | Physical presence |
| Obtain, move, and sort products, materials, containers, and orders, using hand tools.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 7.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 12 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Load materials and products into package processing equipment.Packers and Packagers, Hand · supplemental task | 7.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence |
| Clean containers, materials, supplies, or work areas, using cleaning solutions and hand tools.Packers and Packagers, Hand | 7.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Transport packages to customers' vehicles.Packers and Packagers, Hand · supplemental task | 6.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 6 min | Physical presence |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 8.5% | 15 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.085 | 15 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -1.514 | 4 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 92 | 91 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.083 | 33 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0 | 16 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Freight handlers 9333 | 45.3 | |
| Shelf fillers 9334 | 23.2 | |
| Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified 9329 | 18.4 | |
| Hand and pedal vehicle drivers 9331 | 15.2 | |
| Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery 9332 | 5.6 | |
| Building construction labourers 9313 | 1.1 | |
| Mining and quarrying labourers 9311 | 0.0 | |
| Civil engineering labourers 9312 | 0.0 |
Dashed line: hand packers (8.5%).
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Hand packers (ISCO-08 9321), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/9321
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Hand packers (ISCO-08 9321)}
}The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/9321.json.