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Balam Labs
ISCO-08 9329

Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified

18.4%
ADI · 307th of 433 · 95% interval 11.4–26.2

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 18.4% of the task time of manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full18.4%

307th of 433 · interval 11.4–26.2

ADI3 · full delegation0.0%

201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0

ADIs · share of time17.6%

332nd of 433 · interval 13.7–21.7

Evidence113

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 12.5 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

70%
12%
18%
L0No meaningful role · 69.9%L1Augmentation · 11.7%L2Partial delegation · 18.4%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence88%
Accountability14%
Trust and care0%
Access to systems64%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

113 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Inspect materials and products for defects, and to ensure conformance to specifications.Machine Feeders and Offbearers2.0%L1L1L225%10 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Record production and operational data, such as amount of materials processed.Machine Feeders and Offbearers2.0%L2L2L242%8 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Weigh or measure materials or products to ensure conformance to specifications.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.9%L0L0L110%5 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Push dual control buttons and move controls to start, stop, or adjust machinery and equipment.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.9%L0L0L02%2 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Sort materials, such as metals, glass, wood, paper or plastics, into appropriate containers for recycling.Recycling and Reclamation Workers1.9%L0L0L18%45 minPhysical presence
Deposit recoverable materials into chutes or place materials on conveyor belts.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.8%L0L0L02%16 minPhysical presence
Identify and mark materials, products, and samples, following instructions.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.8%L0L0L19%8 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Remove materials and products from machines and equipment, and place them in boxes, trucks or conveyors, using hand tools and moving devices.Machine Feeders and Offbearers · supplemental task1.8%L0L0L04%10 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Collect and sort recyclable construction materials, such as concrete, drywall, plastics, or wood, into containers.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.8%L0L0L04%1.3 hPhysical presence
Operate balers to compress recyclable materials into bundles or bales.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.8%L0L0L04%22 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Clean materials, such as metals, according to recycling requirements.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.8%L0L0L18%45 minPhysical presence
Load materials and products into machines and equipment, or onto conveyors, using hand tools and moving devices.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.8%L0L0L04%22 minPhysical presence
Operate forklifts, pallet jacks, power lifts, or front-end loaders to load bales, bundles, or other heavy items onto trucks for shipping to smelters or other recycled materials processing facilities.Recycling and Reclamation Workers1.8%L0L0L04%1.1 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Clean recycling yard by sweeping, raking, picking up broken glass and loose paper debris, or moving barrels and bins.Recycling and Reclamation Workers1.8%L0L0L04%1.5 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Clean and maintain machinery, equipment, and work areas to ensure proper functioning and safe working conditions.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.8%L0L0L06%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Show the other 98 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Record logs of recycled materials or waste chemicals removed from products.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.7%L2L2L260%20 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Transfer materials and products to and from machinery and equipment, using industrial trucks or hand trucks.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.7%L0L0L04%20 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Fasten, package, or stack materials and products, using hand tools and fastening equipment.Machine Feeders and Offbearers1.7%L0L0L03%18 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Shovel or scoop materials into containers, machines, or equipment for processing, storage, or transport.Machine Feeders and Offbearers · supplemental task1.7%L0L0L02%22 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Sort metals to separate high-grade metals, such as copper, brass, and aluminum, for recycling.Recycling and Reclamation Workers1.6%L0L0L04%40 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Open and close gates of belt and pneumatic conveyors on machines that are fed directly from preceding machines.Machine Feeders and Offbearers · supplemental task1.6%L0L0L04%4 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Operate processing equipment, such as fiber-sorters and grinders, to sort, crush, or grind recyclable materials.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.5%L0L0L19%2.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Extract chemicals from discarded appliances, such as air conditioners or refrigerators, using specialized machinery, such as refrigerant recovery equipment.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.4%L0L0L04%38 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Clean, inspect, or lubricate recyclable collection equipment or perform routine maintenance or minor repairs on recycling equipment, such as star gears, finger sorters, destoners, belts, and grinders.Recycling and Reclamation Workers1.4%L0L0L18%1.1 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Add chemicals, solutions, or ingredients to machines or equipment as required by the manufacturing process.Machine Feeders and Offbearers · supplemental task1.4%L0L0L18%12 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Operate automated refuse or manual recycling collection vehicles.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.3%L0L0L04%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Collect recyclable materials from curbside for delivery to designated facilities.Recycling and Reclamation Workers · supplemental task1.3%L0L0L04%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Load and unload items from machines, conveyors, and conveyances.Helpers--Production Workers1.0%L0L0L02%22 minPhysical presence
Operate machinery used in the production process, or assist machine operators.Helpers--Production Workers1.0%L0L0L16%4.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Determine the sequence of machine operations, and select the proper cutting tools needed to machine workpieces into the desired shapes.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers1.0%L2L2L262%1.5 hAccess to systems
Place products in equipment or on work surfaces for further processing, inspecting, or wrapping.Helpers--Production Workers1.0%L0L0L04%2 minPhysical presence
Examine products to verify conformance to quality standards.Helpers--Production Workers0.9%L1L1L115%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Count finished products to determine if product orders are complete.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.9%L1L1L120%18 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Analyze job orders, drawings, blueprints, specifications, printed circuit board pattern films, and design data to calculate dimensions, tool selection, machine speeds, and feed rates.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.9%L2L2L265%1.4 hAccess to systems
Measure amounts of products, lengths of extruded articles, or weights of filled containers to ensure conformance to specifications.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.9%L0L0L115%8 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Write programs in the language of a machine's controller and store programs on media, such as punch tapes, magnetic tapes, or disks.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.9%L2L2L265%2.0 hAccess to systems
Determine reference points, machine cutting paths, or hole locations, and compute angular and linear dimensions, radii, and curvatures.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.9%L2L2L270%52 minAccess to systems
Install protective devices, such as bracing, padding, or strapping, to prevent shifting or damage to items being transported.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.9%L0L0L19%18 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Separate products according to weight, grade, size, or composition of materials used to produce them.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.9%L0L0L04%25 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Mark or tag identification on parts.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.8%L0L0L112%4 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Enter computer commands to store or retrieve parts patterns, graphic displays, or programs that transfer data to other media.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.8%L2L3L275%18 minAccess to systems
Remove products, machine attachments, or waste material from machines.Helpers--Production Workers0.8%L0L0L04%8 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Lift raw materials, finished products, and packed items, manually or using hoists.Helpers--Production Workers0.8%L0L0L02%20 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Transfer finished products, raw materials, tools, or equipment between storage and work areas of plants and warehouses, by hand or using hand trucks or powered lift trucks.Helpers--Production Workers0.8%L0L0L06%22 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Observe machines on trial runs or conduct computer simulations to ensure that programs and machinery will function properly and produce items that meet specifications.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.8%L2L2L248%2.3 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Start machines or equipment to begin production processes.Helpers--Production Workers0.8%L0L0L19%8 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Observe equipment operations so that malfunctions can be detected, and notify operators of any malfunctions.Helpers--Production Workers0.8%L1L1L238%4.1 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Maintain equipment storage areas to ensure that inventory is protected.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand0.8%L0L0L19%1.0 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Turn valves to regulate flow of liquids or air, to reverse machines, to start pumps, or to regulate equipment.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.8%L0L0L04%10 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Record information, such as the number of products tested, meter readings, or dates and times of product production.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L250%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Signal coworkers to direct them to move products during the production process.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.8%L0L0L04%2 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Revise programs or tapes to eliminate errors, and retest programs to check that problems have been solved.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.8%L2L2L255%1.6 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Pack and store materials and products.Helpers--Production Workers0.8%L0L0L06%25 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Read gauges or charts, and record data obtained.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L232%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Unclamp and hoist full reels from braiding, winding, or other fabricating machines, using power hoists.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.8%L0L0L02%6 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Modify existing programs to enhance efficiency.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.7%L2L2L258%2.3 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Help production workers by performing duties of lesser skill, such as supplying or holding materials or tools, or cleaning work areas and equipment.Helpers--Production Workers0.7%L0L0L04%45 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Record numbers of units handled or moved, using daily production sheets or work tickets.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.7%L1L1L242%18 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Move freight, stock, or other materials to and from storage or production areas, loading docks, delivery vehicles, ships, or containers, by hand or using trucks, tractors, or other equipment.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand0.7%L0L0L04%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Sort cargo before loading and unloading.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L05%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Enter coordinates of hole locations into program memories by depressing pedals or buttons of programmers.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.7%L2L2L248%32 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Read work orders or receive oral instructions to determine work assignments or material or equipment needs.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand0.7%L2L2L252%10 minAccess to systems
Prepare raw materials for processing.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L18%45 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Compare encoded tapes or computer printouts with original part specifications and blueprints to verify accuracy of instructions.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.7%L2L2L265%52 minAccess to systems
Tie products in bundles for further processing or shipment, following prescribed procedures.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L16%10 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Mix ingredients according to specified procedures or formulas.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L110%30 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Prepare geometric layouts from graphic displays, using computer-assisted drafting software or drafting instruments and graph paper.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.7%L2L2L368%1.5 hAccess to systems
Clean and lubricate equipment.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L16%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Attach slings, ropes, or cables to objects such as pipes, hoses, or bundles.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.6%L0L0L02%10 minPhysical presence, Accountability
Attach identifying tags to containers or mark them with identifying information.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.6%L0L0L110%2 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Sort shop orders into groups to maximize materials utilization and minimize machine setup time.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.6%L2L2L265%1.5 hAccess to systems
Position spouts or chutes of storage bins so that containers can be filled.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.6%L0L0L02%5 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Break up defective products for reprocessing.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.6%L0L0L02%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Write instruction sheets and cutter lists for a machine's controller to guide setup and encode numerical control tapes.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L265%1.8 hAccess to systems
Measure dimensions of finished workpieces to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments, templates, and fixtures.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.6%L1L1L115%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Listen to machines during operation to detect sounds such as those made by dull cutting tools or excessive vibration, and adjust machines to compensate for problems.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L1L1L120%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Cut or break flashing from materials or products.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.5%L0L0L02%16 minPhysical presence
Carry needed tools or supplies from storage or trucks and return them after use.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.5%L0L0L04%18 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Stop machines to remove finished workpieces or to change tooling, setup, or workpiece placement, according to required machining sequences.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L0L0L16%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Align and secure pattern film on reference tables of optical programmers, and observe enlarger scope views of printed circuit boards.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers · supplemental task0.5%L0L0L04%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Attach slings, hooks, or other devices to lift cargo and guide loads.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.5%L0L0L02%10 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Set up and operate computer-controlled machines or robots to perform one or more machine functions on metal or plastic workpieces.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L1L1L230%1.8 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Mount, install, align, and secure tools, attachments, fixtures, and workpieces on machines, using hand tools and precision measuring instruments.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L0L0L18%38 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Review program specifications or blueprints to determine and set machine operations and sequencing, finished workpiece dimensions, or numerical control sequences.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L2L2L260%30 minAccess to systems
Wash work areas, machines, equipment, vehicles, or products.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.5%L0L0L14%30 minPhysical presence
Perform preventative maintenance or minor repairs on machines.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.5%L1L1L222%1.0 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Implement changes to machine programs, and enter new specifications, using computers.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L2L2L258%38 minAccess to systems
Remove and replace dull cutting tools.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L0L0L110%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Calculate machine speed and feed ratios and the size and position of cuts.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L2L2L272%20 minAccess to systems
Check to ensure that workpieces are properly lubricated and cooled during machine operation.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L0L1L010%5 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Insert control instructions into machine control units to start operation.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L1L1L228%15 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Transfer commands from servers to computer numerical control (CNC) modules, using computer network links.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L2L2L260%18 minAccess to systems
Lift workpieces to machines manually or with hoists or cranes.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L0L0L02%10 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Perform minor repairs to machines, such as replacing damaged or worn parts.Helpers--Production Workers · supplemental task0.5%L0L0L112%38 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Monitor machine operation and control panel displays, and compare readings to specifications to detect malfunctions.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.5%L1L1L242%40 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Adjust machine feed and speed, change cutting tools, or adjust machine controls when automatic programming is faulty or if machines malfunction.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L1L1L222%20 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Maintain machines and remove and replace broken or worn machine tools, using hand tools.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L0L0L05%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Adjust controls to guide, position, or move equipment, such as cranes, booms, or cameras.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.4%L0L0L04%15 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Input initial part dimensions into machine control panels.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L1L1L125%10 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Assemble product containers or crates, using hand tools and precut lumber.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.4%L0L0L04%25 minPhysical presence
Modify cutting programs to account for problems encountered during operation, and save modified programs.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L2L2L250%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Stack or load finished items, or place items on conveyor systems.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L0L0L02%4 minPhysical presence
Pack containers and re-pack damaged containers.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.4%L0L0L16%50 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Set up future jobs while machines are operating.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L1L1L225%1.1 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Order tooling for jobs.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers0.4%L2L2L265%45 minAccess to systems
Enter commands or load control media, such as tapes, cards, or disks, into machine controllers to retrieve programmed instructions.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators · supplemental task0.4%L1L1L118%8 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Write simple programs for computer-controlled machine tools.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.4%L2L2L270%38 minAccess to systems
Clean machines, tooling, or parts, using solvents or solutions and rags.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.3%L0L0L02%15 minPhysical presence
Control coolant systems.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.3%L1L1L218%15 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Confer with supervisors or programmers to resolve machine malfunctions or production errors or to obtain approval to continue production.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators0.3%L1L1L230%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Connect electrical equipment to power sources so that it can be tested before use.Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand · supplemental task0.3%L0L0L14%12 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Lay out and mark areas of parts to be shot peened and fill hoppers with shot.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators · supplemental task0.3%L0L0L110%35 minPhysical presence, Accountability
Examine electronic components for defects or completeness of laser-beam trimming, using microscopes.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L122%12 minPhysical presence, Access to systems

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentile
ADI (this index)18.4%29
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.19834
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure-1.18412
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure52.23442
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.1852
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.02250

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (93)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified (18.4%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified (ISCO-08 9329), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/9329

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified (ISCO-08 9329)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/9329.json.