Broadcasting and audiovisual technicians
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 45.0% of the task time of broadcasting and audiovisual technicians, and finish 1.5% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
205th of 433 · interval 35.1–55.1
136th of 433 · interval 0.0–3.8
199th of 433 · interval 33.7–42.0
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.2 million.
How the tasks rate
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confer with producers, performers, and others to determine and achieve the desired sound for a production, such as a musical recording or a film.Sound Engineering Technicians | 2.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Regulate volume level and sound quality during recording sessions, using control consoles.Sound Engineering Technicians | 2.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Record speech, music, and other sounds on recording media, using recording equipment.Sound Engineering Technicians | 2.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Separate instruments, vocals, and other sounds, and combine sounds during the mixing or postproduction stage.Sound Engineering Technicians | 2.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 2.3 h | – |
| Mix and edit voices, music, and taped sound effects for live performances and for prerecorded events, using sound mixing boards.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up, test, and adjust recording equipment for recording sessions and live performances.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Keep logs of recordings.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 30 min | Access to systems |
| Prepare for recording sessions by performing such activities as selecting and setting up microphones.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Edit video for broadcast productions, including non-linear editing.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Operate television or motion picture cameras to record scenes for television broadcasts, advertising, or motion pictures.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 8% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compose and frame each shot, applying the technical aspects of light, lenses, film, filters, and camera settings to achieve the effects sought by directors.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 15% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Adjust positions and controls of cameras, printers, and related equipment to change focus, exposure, and lighting.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Report equipment problems and ensure that required repairs are made.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Confer with directors, sound and lighting technicians, electricians, and other crew members to discuss assignments and determine filming sequences, desired effects, camera movements, and lighting requirements.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 52 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Operate zoom lenses, changing images according to specifications and rehearsal instructions.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Show the other 92 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instruct camera operators regarding camera setups, angles, distances, movement, and variables and cues for starting and stopping filming.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 38 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Tear down equipment after event completion.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 2.0 h | Physical presence |
| Synchronize and equalize prerecorded dialogue, music, and sound effects with visual action of motion pictures or television productions, using control consoles.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 3.5 h | Access to systems |
| Observe monitors and converse with station personnel to determine audio and video levels and to ascertain that programs are airing.Broadcast Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 30 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Use cameras in any of several different camera mounts, such as stationary, track-mounted, or crane-mounted.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Reproduce and duplicate sound recordings from original recording media, using sound editing and duplication equipment.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Maintain programming logs as required by station management and the Federal Communications Commission.Broadcast Technicians | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 52 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Play and record broadcast programs, using automation systems.Broadcast Technicians | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor and log transmitter readings.Broadcast Technicians | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Read and analyze work orders and specifications to determine locations of subject material, work procedures, sequences of operations, and machine setups.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L3L2 | 80% | 45 min | – |
| Assemble studio sets and select and arrange cameras, film stock, audio, or lighting equipment to be used during filming.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Diagnose and resolve media system problems.Audio and Video Technicians | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor strength, clarity, and reliability of incoming and outgoing signals, and adjust equipment as necessary to maintain quality broadcasts.Broadcast Technicians | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| View films to resolve problems of exposure control, subject and camera movement, changes in subject distance, and related variables.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.1 h | – |
| Observe sets or locations for potential problems and to determine filming and lighting requirements.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Test, clean, maintain, and repair broadcast equipment, including testing microphones, to ensure proper working condition.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Direct and coordinate activities of assistants and other personnel during production.Audio and Video Technicians | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Set up, operate, and maintain broadcast station computers and networks.Broadcast Technicians | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations.Audio and Video Technicians | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Preview scheduled programs to ensure that signals are functioning and programs are ready for transmission.Broadcast Technicians | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 35 min | Access to systems |
| Edit broadcast material electronically, using computers.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Set up and perform live shots for broadcast.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Set up cameras, optical printers, and related equipment to produce photographs and special effects.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.0 h | Physical presence |
| Switch sources of video input from one camera or studio to another, from film to live programming, or from network to local programming.Audio and Video Technicians | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.6 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Convert video and audio recordings into digital formats for editing or archiving.Sound Engineering Technicians | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor incoming and outgoing pictures and sound feeds to ensure quality and notify directors of any possible problems.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Record sound onto tape or film for radio or television, checking its quality and making adjustments where necessary.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Notify supervisors when major equipment repairs are needed.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Report equipment problems, ensure that repairs are made, and make emergency repairs to equipment when necessary and possible.Broadcast Technicians | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Schedule programming or read television programming logs to determine which programs are to be recorded or aired.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Select sources from which programming will be received or through which programming will be transmitted.Broadcast Technicians | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 10 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Mix and regulate sound inputs and feeds or coordinate audio feeds with television pictures.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compress, digitize, duplicate, and store audio and video data.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Reserve audio-visual equipment and facilities, such as meeting rooms.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.9% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 18 min | Access to systems |
| Direct studio productions.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 0.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Control the lights and sound of events, such as live concerts, before and after performances, and during intermissions.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 3.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop employee work schedules.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Control audio equipment to regulate volume and sound quality during radio and television broadcasts.Broadcast Technicians | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 38% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Prepare reports outlining past and future programs, including content.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L3L2 | 78% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Install broadcast equipment, troubleshoot equipment problems, and perform maintenance or minor repairs, using hand tools.Broadcast Technicians | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Determine formats, approaches, content, levels, and mediums to effectively meet objectives within budgetary constraints, using research, knowledge, and training.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.0 h | – |
| Make commercial dubs.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.4 h | Access to systems |
| Record and edit audio material, such as movie soundtracks, using audio recording and editing equipment.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Construct and position properties, sets, lighting equipment, and other equipment.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L0 | L1L0 | 9% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Edit videotapes by erasing and removing portions of programs and adding video or sound as required.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.0 h | Access to systems |
| Perform minor repairs and routine cleaning of audio and video equipment.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 52 min | Physical presence |
| Set up and operate electric news gathering (ENG) microwave vehicles to gather and edit raw footage on location to send to television affiliates for broadcast.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Locate and secure settings, properties, effects, and other production necessities.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Obtain, set up, and load videotapes for scheduled productions or broadcasts.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Meet with directors and senior members of camera crews to discuss assignments and determine filming sequences, camera movements, and picture composition.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Produce rough and finished graphics and graphic designs.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.0 h | – |
| Maintain inventories of audio and videotapes and related supplies.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Read charts and compute ratios to determine variables such as lighting, shutter angles, filter factors, and camera distances.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 18 min | Access to systems |
| Patch or wire lights to dimmers or other electronic consoles.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Test lighting equipment function and desired lighting effects.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 16% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up scaffolding or cranes to assist with setting up of lighting equipment.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Set up and focus light fixtures to meet requirements of television, theater, concerts, or other productions.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Program lighting consoles or load automated lighting control systems onto consoles.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Perform minor repairs or routine maintenance on lighting equipment, such as replacing lamps or damaged color filters.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Install electrical cables or wire fixtures.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Operate manual or automated systems to control lighting throughout productions.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Install color effects or image patterns, such as color filters, onto lighting fixtures.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence |
| Match light fixture settings, such as brightness and color, to lighting design plans.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Load, unload, or position lighting equipment.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assess safety of wiring or equipment set-up to determine the risk of fire or electrical shock.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Consult with lighting director or production staff to determine lighting requirements.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 28% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Disassemble and store equipment after performances.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Notify supervisors when major lighting equipment repairs are needed.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Visit and assess structural and electrical layout of locations before setting up lighting equipment.Lighting Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Perform narration of productions or present announcements.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Organize recording sessions and prepare areas, such as radio booths and television stations, for recording.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Regulate the fidelity, brightness, and contrast of video transmissions, using video console control panels.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 22 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Analyze and maintain data logs for audio-visual activities.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Create musical instrument digital interface programs for music projects, commercials, or film postproduction.Sound Engineering Technicians · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Design layouts of audio and video equipment and perform upgrades and maintenance.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Obtain and preview musical performance programs prior to events to become familiar with the order and approximate times of pieces.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 38 min | Access to systems |
| Design and modify equipment to employer specifications.Broadcast Technicians | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Write new scripts for broadcasts.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 0.6% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 2.0 h | – |
| Align antennae with receiving dishes to obtain the clearest signal for transmission of broadcasts from field locations.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L0 | L1L0 | 10% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Give technical directions to other personnel during filming.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 10% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan and develop pre-production ideas into outlines, scripts, story boards, and graphics, using own ideas or specifications of assignments.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 4.0 h | – |
| Instruct trainees in use of television production equipment, filming of events, and copying and editing graphics or sound onto videotape.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Organize and maintain compliance, license, and warranty information related to audio and video facilities.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.8 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Design graphics for studio productions.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 2.5 h | Access to systems |
| Inform users of audio and videotaping service policies and procedures.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 15 min | Access to systems |
| Determine the number, type, and approximate location of microphones needed for best sound recording or transmission quality, and position them appropriately.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Conduct training sessions on selection, use, and design of audio-visual materials and on operation of presentation equipment.Audio and Video Technicians | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Discuss production requirements with clients.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.0 h | Trust and care |
| Substitute programs in cases where signals fail.Broadcast Technicians | 0.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 40% | 8 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Stay current with new technologies in the field by reading trade magazines.Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Develop manuals, texts, workbooks, or related materials for use in conjunction with production materials or for training.Audio and Video Technicians · supplemental task | 0.4% | L2 | L2L3 | 78% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Set up and operate portable field transmission equipment outside the studio.Broadcast Technicians · supplemental task | 0.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 45.0% | 53 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.431 | 66 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | 0.133 | 55 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 81.556 | 74 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.118 | 41 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.046 | 60 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Computer network and systems technicians 3513 | 97.4 | |
| Web technicians 3514 | 97.1 | |
| Information and communications technology operations technicians 3511 | 95.3 | |
| Information and communications technology user support technicians 3512 | 91.4 | |
| Telecommunications engineering technicians 3522 | 60.2 |
Dashed line: broadcasting and audiovisual technicians (45.0%).
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Broadcasting and audiovisual technicians (ISCO-08 3521), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/3521
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Broadcasting and audiovisual technicians (ISCO-08 3521)}
}The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/3521.json.