ISCO-08 1412
Restaurant managers
69.2%
ADI · 140th of 433 · 95% interval 51.7–88.1
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 69.2% of the task time of restaurant managers, and finish 6.6% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full69.2%
140th of 433 · interval 51.7–88.1
ADI3 · full delegation6.6%
58th of 433 · interval 0.0–16.3
ADIs · share of time45.9%
155th of 433 · interval 36.2–55.7
Evidence28
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 5.3 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 13.3%L1Augmentation · 17.5%L2Partial delegation · 62.6%L3Full delegation · 6.6%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
28 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitor employee and patron activities to ensure liquor regulations are obeyed.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 5.6% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Greet guests, escort them to their seats, and present them with menus and wine lists.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 5.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 4 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Perform some food preparation or service tasks, such as cooking, clearing tables, and serving food and drinks when necessary.Food Service Managers | 4.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Count money and make bank deposits.Food Service Managers | 4.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Monitor food preparation methods, portion sizes, and garnishing and presentation of food to ensure that food is prepared and presented in an acceptable manner.Food Service Managers | 4.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Establish standards for personnel performance and customer service.Food Service Managers | 4.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 4.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Keep records required by government agencies regarding sanitation or food subsidies.Food Service Managers | 4.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Coordinate assignments of cooking personnel to ensure economical use of food and timely preparation.Food Service Managers | 4.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 52 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain food and equipment inventories, and keep inventory records.Food Service Managers | 3.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Schedule staff hours and assign duties.Food Service Managers | 3.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 2.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Take dining reservations.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 3.8% | L3 | L3L3 | 80% | 4 min | Access to systems |
| Investigate and resolve complaints regarding food quality, service, or accommodations.Food Service Managers | 3.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 35 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Test cooked food by tasting and smelling it to ensure palatability and flavor conformity.Food Service Managers | 3.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 5 min | Physical presence |
| Schedule and receive food and beverage deliveries, checking delivery contents to verify product quality and quantity.Food Service Managers | 3.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 35% | 45 min | Physical presence |
| Monitor budgets and payroll records, and review financial transactions to ensure that expenditures are authorized and budgeted.Food Service Managers | 3.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 2.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
Show the other 13 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate food, liquor, wine, and other beverage consumption to anticipate amounts to be purchased or requisitioned.Food Service Managers | 3.5% | L2 | L2L3 | 75% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Organize and direct worker training programs, resolve personnel problems, hire new staff, and evaluate employee performance in dining and lodging facilities.Food Service Managers | 3.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review work procedures and operational problems to determine ways to improve service, performance, or safety.Food Service Managers | 3.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Plan menus and food utilization, based on anticipated number of guests, nutritional value, palatability, popularity, and costs.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 3.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.8 h | Access to systems |
| Monitor compliance with health and fire regulations regarding food preparation and serving, and building maintenance in lodging and dining facilities.Food Service Managers | 3.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Order and purchase equipment and supplies.Food Service Managers | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.3 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Arrange for equipment maintenance and repairs, and coordinate a variety of services, such as waste removal and pest control.Food Service Managers | 2.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Record the number, type, and cost of items sold to determine which items may be unpopular or less profitable.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 2.9% | L3 | L3L3 | 82% | 1.3 h | Access to systems |
| Assess staffing needs and recruit staff, using methods such as newspaper advertisements or attendance at job fairs.Food Service Managers | 2.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Create specialty dishes and develop recipes to be used in dining facilities.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 2.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 3.3 h | Physical presence |
| Review menus and analyze recipes to determine labor and overhead costs, and assign prices to menu items.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 1.9 h | Access to systems |
| Schedule use of facilities or catering services for events such as banquets or receptions, and negotiate details of arrangements with clients.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 2.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Establish and enforce nutritional standards for dining establishments, based on accepted industry standards.Food Service Managers · supplemental task | 2.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 69.2% | 68 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.395 | 59 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.121 | 49 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 68 | 61 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.196 | 55 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0 | 16 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (14)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Retail and wholesale trade managers 1420 | 92.3 | |
| Services managers not elsewhere classified 1439 | 88.6 | |
| Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers 1431 | 86.5 | |
| Hotel managers 1411 | 81.1 |
Dashed line: restaurant managers (69.2%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Restaurant managers (ISCO-08 1412), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/1412
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Restaurant managers (ISCO-08 1412)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/1412.json.