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Balam Labs
ISCO-08 5322

Home-based personal care workers

24.3%
ADI · 271st of 433 · 95% interval 14.1–37.6

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 24.3% of the task time of home-based personal care workers, and finish 0.9% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full24.3%

271st of 433 · interval 14.1–37.6

ADI3 · full delegation0.9%

167th of 433 · interval 0.0–2.5

ADIs · share of time25.3%

271st of 433 · interval 19.8–32.2

Evidence102

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 10.3 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

39%
37%
23%
L0No meaningful role · 38.9%L1Augmentation · 36.8%L2Partial delegation · 23.4%L3Full delegation · 0.9%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence80%
Accountability32%
Trust and care87%
Access to systems53%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

102 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Maintain records of patient care, condition, progress, or problems to report and discuss observations with supervisor or case manager.Home Health Aides5.1%L2L2L250%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide patients with help moving in and out of beds, baths, wheelchairs, or automobiles and with dressing and grooming.Home Health Aides5.0%L0L0L02%32 minPhysical presence, Trust and care
Bathe patients.Home Health Aides4.8%L0L0L02%35 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Care for patients by changing bed linens, washing and ironing laundry, cleaning, or assisting with their personal care.Home Health Aides4.5%L0L0L04%1.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan, purchase, prepare, or serve meals to patients or other family members, according to prescribed diets.Home Health Aides4.4%L1L1L232%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Entertain, converse with, or read aloud to patients to keep them mentally healthy and alert.Home Health Aides4.4%L1L1L238%45 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Administer prescribed oral medications, under the written direction of physician or as directed by home care nurse or aide, and ensure patients take their medicine.Home Health Aides · supplemental task4.3%L1L1L112%12 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide patients and families with emotional support and instruction in areas such as caring for infants, preparing healthy meals, living independently, or adapting to disability or illness.Home Health Aides4.0%L1L1L228%52 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Check patients' pulse, temperature, and respiration.Home Health Aides3.8%L0L0L08%8 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Care for children with disabilities or who have sick parents or parents with disabilities.Home Health Aides · supplemental task3.5%L0L0L19%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Perform a variety of duties as requested by client, such as obtaining household supplies or running errands.Home Health Aides3.3%L1L1L218%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Direct patients in simple prescribed exercises or in the use of braces or artificial limbs.Home Health Aides3.2%L0L1L08%25 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Accompany clients to doctors' offices or on other trips outside the home, providing transportation, assistance, and companionship.Home Health Aides · supplemental task3.1%L0L0L05%3.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Massage patients or apply preparations or treatments, such as liniment, alcohol rubs, or heat-lamp stimulation.Home Health Aides3.0%L0L0L02%20 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Change dressings.Home Health Aides · supplemental task2.9%L0L0L04%20 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Show the other 87 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Administer bedside or personal care, such as ambulation or personal hygiene assistance.Personal Care Aides2.2%L0L0L02%38 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare and maintain records of client progress and services performed, reporting changes in client condition to manager or supervisor.Personal Care Aides2.1%L2L2L258%25 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Care for individuals or families during periods of incapacitation, family disruption, or convalescence, providing companionship, personal care, or help in adjusting to new lifestyles.Personal Care Aides2.0%L1L1L112%4.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Instruct or advise clients on issues, such as household cleanliness, utilities, hygiene, nutrition, or infant care.Personal Care Aides2.0%L1L1L232%25 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Perform healthcare-related tasks, such as monitoring vital signs and medication, under the direction of registered nurses or physiotherapists.Personal Care Aides1.9%L0L0L115%22 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Train family members to provide bedside care.Personal Care Aides · supplemental task1.9%L1L1L238%1.8 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Provide clients with communication assistance, typing their correspondence or obtaining information for them.Personal Care Aides1.9%L2L2L262%30 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Perform housekeeping duties, such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes or dishes, or running errands.Personal Care Aides1.8%L1L1L215%1.8 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Participate in case reviews, consulting with the team caring for the client, to evaluate the client's needs and plan for continuing services.Personal Care Aides1.6%L1L1L230%1.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan, shop for, or prepare nutritious meals or assist families in planning, shopping for, or preparing nutritious meals.Personal Care Aides · supplemental task1.5%L2L2L235%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Transport clients to locations outside the home, such as to physicians' offices or on outings, using a motor vehicle.Personal Care Aides · supplemental task1.0%L0L0L110%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Assign work schedules, following work requirements, to ensure quality and timely delivery of service.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.5%L2L2L265%1.3 hAccess to systems
Schedule guest appointments.Spa Managers0.5%L3L3L385%10 minAccess to systems
Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting operations.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.5%L1L1L125%52 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Respond to customer inquiries or complaints.Spa Managers0.4%L2L2L265%18 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Direct or coordinate the activities of workers, such as hotel staff or hair stylists.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.4%L1L1L232%2.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Coordinate facility schedules to maximize usage and efficiency.Spa Managers0.4%L2L2L262%1.8 hAccess to systems
Maintain client databases.Spa Managers0.4%L3L3L385%52 minAccess to systems
Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.4%L1L1L118%32 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Arrange worker breaks to ensure services are adequately staffed throughout each shift.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.4%L2L2L268%35 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.4%L1L1L225%52 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Sell products, services, or memberships.Spa Managers0.4%L2L2L245%38 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Investigate employee complaints and resolve problems following management rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.4%L2L2L240%1.8 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L240%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Perform accounting duties, such as recording daily cash flow, preparing bank deposits, or generating financial statements.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L262%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Plan or direct spa services and programs.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L248%3.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L250%38 minTrust and care
Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L258%30 minTrust and care
Requisition necessary supplies, equipment, or services.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L262%45 minAccess to systems
Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L240%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care
Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L245%3.0 h–
Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L225%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting workers or operations.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L232%45 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L118%38 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L260%38 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Furnish customers with information on events or activities.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L375%10 minAccess to systems
Direct or coordinate the activities of entertainment and recreation related workers.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L235%1.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Collaborate with staff members to plan or develop programs of events or schedules of activities.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L258%2.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Assign work schedules, following work requirements, to ensure quality and timely delivery of service.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L265%1.5 hAccess to systems
Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L255%1.8 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Analyze and record personnel or operational data and write related activity reports.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L270%1.3 hAccess to systems
Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L240%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L255%7.0 hAccountability, Trust and care
Requisition supplies and equipment necessary for workers to facilitate recreational or entertainment activities, such as safety harnesses, flash lights, or first aid kits.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L262%1.1 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L252%38 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Provide staff with assistance in performing difficult or complicated duties.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L230%30 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Serve as a point of contact between managerial staff and leaders of recreational or entertainment activities.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L250%45 minTrust and care
Plan, direct, or supervise recreational and entertainment activities led by staff, such as sports, aquatics, games, or performing arts.First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L232%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Inform management about problems, such as employee disputes.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L252%30 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Monitor operations to ensure compliance with applicable health, safety, or hygiene standards.Spa Managers0.3%L1L1L230%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L240%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L258%6.5 hAccountability, Trust and care
Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L2L2L252%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Schedule staff or supervise scheduling.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L272%1.8 hAccess to systems
Inform staff of job responsibilities, performance expectations, client service standards, or corporate policies and guidelines.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L258%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Inventory products and order new supplies.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L255%1.5 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers0.3%L1L1L240%3.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Direct facility maintenance or repair.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L240%1.8 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Assess employee performance and suggest ways to improve work.Spa Managers0.3%L2L2L252%1.5 hTrust and care
Develop or implement marketing strategies.Spa Managers0.2%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccess to systems
Check spa equipment to ensure proper functioning.Spa Managers0.2%L1L1L222%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Train staff in the use or sale of products, programs, or activities.Spa Managers0.2%L1L1L235%2.3 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Develop staff service or retail goals and guide staff in goal achievement.Spa Managers0.2%L2L2L248%2.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Establish spa budgets and financial goals.Spa Managers0.2%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccess to systems
Recruit, interview, or hire employees.Spa Managers0.2%L2L2L258%4.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Direct marketing, advertising, or other customer recruitment efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L262%3.5 hAccess to systems
Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L258%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L122%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L250%1.8 h–
Recommend and implement measures to improve worker motivation, work methods, or customer services.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L242%3.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Direct or coordinate the activities of workers, such as flight or car attendants.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L230%4.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Requisition necessary supplies, equipment, or services.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L262%38 minAccess to systems
Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L252%35 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L115%35 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L238%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting operations.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L228%52 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L242%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Inspect materials, stock, vehicles, equipment, or facilities to ensure that they are safe, free of defects, and consistent with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L120%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L260%30 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Explain and demonstrate work tasks to new workers or assign training tasks to experienced workers.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L232%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Enforce safety rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L230%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Confer with customers, supervisors, contractors, or other personnel to exchange information or to resolve problems.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L242%25 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Compute or estimate cash, payroll, transportation, or personnel requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L268%1.0 hAccess to systems
Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L258%2.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Analyze and record personnel or operational data and write related activity reports.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L270%1.5 hAccess to systems
Verify staff credentials, such as educational and certification requirements.Spa Managers0.1%L2L2L265%45 minAccountability, Access to systems
Participate in continuing education classes to maintain current knowledge of industry.Spa Managers0.1%L1L1L232%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentile
ADI (this index)24.3%38
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.18533
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure-0.41343
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure24.9617
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.10839
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.0665

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (53)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: home-based personal care workers (24.3%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Home-based personal care workers (ISCO-08 5322), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/5322

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Home-based personal care workers (ISCO-08 5322)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/5322.json.