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ISCO-08 1321

Manufacturing managers

69.6%
ADI · 138th of 433 · 95% interval 61.0–78.2

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 69.6% of the task time of manufacturing managers, and finish 1.1% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full69.6%

138th of 433 · interval 61.0–78.2

ADI3 · full delegation1.1%

151st of 433 · interval 0.0–3.0

ADIs · share of time47.8%

142nd of 433 · interval 45.0–50.6

Evidence116

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 2.4 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

29%
68%
L0No meaningful role · 1.2%L1Augmentation · 29.2%L2Partial delegation · 68.5%L3Full delegation · 1.1%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence51%
Accountability60%
Trust and care32%
Access to systems91%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

116 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Manage operations at biofuels power generation facilities, including production, shipping, maintenance, or quality assurance activities.Biofuels Production Managers1.6%L1L1L235%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Supervise production employees in the manufacturing of biofuels, such as biodiesel or ethanol.Biofuels Production Managers1.6%L1L1L228%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Monitor meters, flow gauges, or other real-time data to ensure proper operation of biofuels production equipment, implementing corrective measures as needed.Biofuels Production Managers1.6%L2L2L250%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Supervise employees in geothermal power plants or well fields.Geothermal Production Managers1.6%L1L1L225%4.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Review logs, datasheets, or reports to ensure adequate production levels or to identify abnormalities with biofuels production equipment or processes.Biofuels Production Managers1.4%L2L2L270%1.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Direct operations, maintenance, or repair of hydroelectric power facilities.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.4%L1L1L235%5.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Oversee geothermal plant operations, maintenance, and repairs to ensure compliance with applicable standards or regulations.Geothermal Production Managers1.4%L1L1L235%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Adjust temperature, pressure, vacuum, level, flow rate, or transfer of biofuels to maintain processes at required levels.Biofuels Production Managers1.4%L2L2L248%25 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Provide direction to employees to ensure compliance with biofuels plant safety, environmental, or operational standards and regulations.Biofuels Production Managers1.4%L1L1L235%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Confer with technical and supervisory personnel to report or resolve conditions affecting biofuels plant safety, operational efficiency, and product quality.Biofuels Production Managers1.4%L1L1L232%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Communicate geothermal plant conditions to employees.Geothermal Production Managers1.3%L2L2L255%38 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain records of hydroelectric facility operations, maintenance, or repairs.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.2%L2L2L265%52 minAccountability, Access to systems
Supervise biomass plant or substation operations, maintenance, repair, or testing activities.Biomass Power Plant Managers1.2%L1L1L230%5.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Draw samples of biofuels products or secondary by-products for quality control testing.Biofuels Production Managers1.2%L0L0L110%25 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Record, review, or maintain daily logs, reports, maintenance, and other records associated with geothermal operations.Geothermal Production Managers1.2%L2L2L270%1.3 hAccountability, Access to systems
Show the other 101 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)WeightLevelSonnet · HaikuShareHuman timeBarriers
Supervise operations or maintenance employees in the production of power from biomass, such as wood, coal, paper sludge, or other waste or refuse.Biomass Power Plant Managers1.2%L1L1L228%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Supervise or monitor hydroelectric facility operations to ensure that generation or mechanical equipment conform to applicable regulations or standards.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.2%L2L2L245%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Monitor geothermal operations, using programmable logic controllers.Geothermal Production Managers1.1%L2L2L258%1.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Manage safety programs at power generation facilities.Biomass Power Plant Managers1.1%L2L2L242%5.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Check hydroelectric operations for compliance with prescribed operating limits, such as loads, voltages, temperatures, lines, or equipment.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.1%L2L2L258%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Monitor the operating status of biomass plants by observing control system parameters, distributed control systems, switchboard gauges, dials, or other indicators.Biomass Power Plant Managers · supplemental task1.1%L2L2L252%4.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Inspect hydroelectric facilities, including switchyards, control houses, or relay houses, for normal operation or adherence to safety standards.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.1%L1L1L220%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Review biomass operations performance specifications to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.Biomass Power Plant Managers1.1%L2L2L268%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Plan or coordinate hydroelectric production operations to meet customer requirements.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.1%L2L2L250%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Monitor or inspect hydroelectric equipment, such as hydro-turbines, generators, or control systems.Hydroelectric Production Managers1.1%L2L2L250%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Perform or direct the performance of preventative maintenance on geothermal plant equipment.Geothermal Production Managers1.1%L2L2L240%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Review logs, datasheets, or reports to ensure adequate production levels and safe production environments or to identify abnormalities with power production equipment or processes.Biomass Power Plant Managers1.1%L2L2L265%1.3 hAccountability, Access to systems
Inspect geothermal plant or injection well fields to verify proper equipment operations.Geothermal Production Managers1.1%L1L1L228%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Identify and evaluate equipment, procedural, or conditional inefficiencies involving geothermal plant systems.Geothermal Production Managers1.1%L2L2L255%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Monitor transportation and storage of flammable or other potentially dangerous feedstocks or products to ensure adherence to safety guidelines.Biofuels Production Managers1.1%L2L2L242%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Direct or coordinate production, processing, distribution, or marketing activities of industrial organizations.Industrial Production Managers1.0%L1L1L235%5.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Provide training to subordinate or new employees to improve biofuels plant safety or increase the production of biofuels.Biofuels Production Managers1.0%L2L2L248%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop operating plans and schedules for geothermal operations.Geothermal Production Managers1.0%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Oversee workers including supervisors, inspectors, or laboratory workers engaged in testing activities.Quality Control Systems Managers1.0%L2L2L240%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Compile and record operational data on forms or in log books.Biomass Power Plant Managers · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L262%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Develop or manage budgets for geothermal operations.Geothermal Production Managers1.0%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Plan and schedule plant activities, such as wood, waste, or refuse fuel deliveries, ash removal, and regular maintenance.Biomass Power Plant Managers1.0%L2L2L260%2.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Review processing schedules or production orders to make decisions concerning inventory requirements, staffing requirements, work procedures, or duty assignments, considering budgetary limitations and time constraints.Industrial Production Managers0.9%L2L2L258%1.8 hAccess to systems
Operate energized high- or low-voltage hydroelectric power transmission system substations, according to procedures and safety requirements.Hydroelectric Production Managers · supplemental task0.9%L1L1L222%1.8 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Set and monitor product standards, examining samples of raw products or directing testing during processing, to ensure finished products are of prescribed quality.Industrial Production Managers0.9%L2L2L242%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Monitor performance of quality control systems to ensure effectiveness and efficiency.Quality Control Systems Managers0.9%L2L2L260%3.0 hAccess to systems
Review operations and confer with technical or administrative staff to resolve production or processing problems.Industrial Production Managers0.9%L2L2L245%1.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Conduct field inspections of biomass plants, stations, or substations to ensure normal and safe operating conditions.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.9%L1L1L122%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Conduct well field site assessments.Geothermal Production Managers0.9%L1L1L238%8.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Create or enforce hydrostation voltage schedules.Hydroelectric Production Managers · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L250%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Verify that raw materials, purchased parts or components, in-process samples, and finished products meet established testing and inspection standards.Quality Control Systems Managers0.9%L2L2L240%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Analyze quality control test results and provide feedback and interpretation to production management or staff.Quality Control Systems Managers0.9%L2L2L270%1.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Supervise subordinate employees.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L230%4.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Optimize operational costs and productivity consistent with safety and environmental rules and regulations.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L250%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop or enforce procedures for normal operation of manufacturing systems.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L248%3.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare reports on operations and system productivity or efficiency.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L270%3.5 hAccess to systems
Implement operational and emergency procedures.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L230%2.8 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain records to demonstrate compliance with safety and environmental laws, regulations, or policies.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L268%2.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Monitor permit requirements for updates.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L2L2L270%1.8 hAccess to systems
Conduct site audits to ensure adherence to safety and environmental regulations.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L232%5.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare and maintain production reports or personnel records.Industrial Production Managers0.8%L2L2L272%2.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Identify opportunities to improve plant electrical equipment, controls, or process control methodologies.Geothermal Production Managers0.8%L2L2L252%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Supervise hydropower plant equipment installations, upgrades, or maintenance.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.8%L1L1L235%8.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop or implement projects to improve efficiency, economy, or effectiveness of hydroelectric plant operations.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.8%L2L2L250%25 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Approve proposals for the acquisition, replacement, or repair of biofuels processing equipment or the implementation of new production processes.Biofuels Production Managers0.8%L2L2L255%2.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Develop or implement production tracking or quality control systems, analyzing production, quality control, maintenance, or other operational reports to detect production problems.Industrial Production Managers0.8%L2L2L260%3.5 hAccess to systems
Direct product testing activities throughout production cycles.Quality Control Systems Managers0.8%L2L2L242%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Direct the tracking of defects, test results, or other regularly reported quality control data.Quality Control Systems Managers0.8%L2L2L268%2.0 hAccess to systems
Evaluate power production or demand trends to identify opportunities for improved operations.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.8%L2L2L268%3.0 hAccess to systems
Review quality documentation necessary for regulatory submissions and inspections.Quality Control Systems Managers0.8%L2L2L262%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Conduct cost, material, and efficiency studies for biofuels production plants or operations.Biofuels Production Managers0.8%L2L2L260%8.0 hAccess to systems
Inspect biomass gasification processes, equipment, and facilities for ways to maximize capacity and minimize operating costs.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.8%L1L1L238%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Identify and communicate power system emergencies.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.8%L2L2L248%30 minAccountability, Access to systems
Operate controls to start, stop, or regulate biomass-fueled generators, generator units, boilers, engines, or auxiliary systems.Biomass Power Plant Managers · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L230%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Provide technical direction in the erection or commissioning of hydroelectric equipment or supporting electrical or mechanical systems.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.8%L1L1L228%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Stop production if serious product defects are present.Quality Control Systems Managers0.8%L2L2L242%50 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Adjust equipment controls to generate specified amounts of electrical power.Biomass Power Plant Managers · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L242%32 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Instruct staff in quality control and analytical procedures.Quality Control Systems Managers0.7%L2L2L242%2.3 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Troubleshoot and make minor repairs to geothermal plant instrumentation or electrical systems.Geothermal Production Managers · supplemental task0.7%L1L1L228%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Shut down and restart biofuels plant or equipment in emergency situations or for equipment maintenance, repairs, or replacements.Biofuels Production Managers0.7%L1L1L118%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare and manage biofuels plant or unit budgets.Biofuels Production Managers0.7%L2L2L262%9.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Identify quality problems or areas for improvement and recommend solutions.Quality Control Systems Managers0.7%L2L2L260%3.0 hAccess to systems
Perform or direct preventive or corrective containment or cleanup to protect the environment.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.7%L1L1L232%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Manage parts and supply inventories for biomass plants.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.7%L2L2L258%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Collect and analyze production samples to evaluate quality.Quality Control Systems Managers0.7%L2L2L242%2.5 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Prepare reports on biomass plant operations, status, maintenance, and other information.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.7%L2L2L372%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Monitor and operate communications systems, such as mobile radios.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.7%L1L1L118%25 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Develop or implement policy evaluation procedures for hydroelectric generation activities.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.7%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Select and implement corrosion control or mitigation systems for geothermal plants.Geothermal Production Managers0.7%L2L2L245%25 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Develop budgets or approve expenditures for supplies, materials, or human resources, ensuring that materials, labor, or equipment are used efficiently to meet production targets.Industrial Production Managers0.7%L2L2L260%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Prepare environmental permit applications or compliance reports.Geothermal Production Managers · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L265%8.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Hire, train, evaluate, or discharge staff or resolve personnel grievances.Industrial Production Managers0.7%L2L2L242%3.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Develop or review budgets, annual plans, power contracts, power rates, standing operating procedures, power reviews, or engineering studies.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.7%L2L2L258%7.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Test, maintain, or repair electrical power distribution machinery or equipment, using hand tools, power tools, and testing devices.Biomass Power Plant Managers · supplemental task0.7%L1L1L115%2.8 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Respond to problems related to ratepayers, water users, power users, government agencies, educational institutions, or other private or public power resource interests.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.7%L2L2L250%1.8 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Produce reports regarding nonconformance of products or processes, daily production quality, root cause analyses, or quality trends.Quality Control Systems Managers0.7%L2L2L270%2.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Communicate quality control information to all relevant organizational departments, outside vendors, or contractors.Quality Control Systems Managers0.7%L2L2L268%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Maintain current knowledge of the quality control field, relying on current literature pertaining to materials use, technological advances, or statistical studies.Industrial Production Managers0.6%L3L3L382%2.0 hAccess to systems
Document testing procedures, methodologies, or criteria.Quality Control Systems Managers0.6%L2L2L372%3.5 hAccess to systems
Prepare and manage biomass plant budgets.Biomass Power Plant Managers0.6%L2L2L260%8.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Review and update standard operating procedures or quality assurance manuals.Quality Control Systems Managers0.6%L2L2L265%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Initiate or coordinate inventory or cost control programs.Industrial Production Managers0.6%L2L2L255%6.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Review plans and confer with research or support staff to develop new products or processes.Industrial Production Managers0.6%L2L2L245%2.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Plan or manage hydroelectric plant upgrades.Hydroelectric Production Managers0.6%L2L2L250%24 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Create and implement inspection and testing criteria or procedures.Quality Control Systems Managers0.6%L2L2L265%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Coordinate or recommend procedures for facility or equipment maintenance or modification, including the replacement of machines.Industrial Production Managers0.6%L2L2L255%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Identify critical points in the manufacturing process and specify sampling procedures to be used at these points.Quality Control Systems Managers0.5%L2L2L260%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Negotiate materials prices with suppliers.Industrial Production Managers · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Shut down and restart biomass power plants or equipment in emergency situations or for equipment maintenance, repairs, or replacements.Biomass Power Plant Managers · supplemental task0.5%L1L1L225%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Monitor development of new products to help identify possible problems for mass production.Quality Control Systems Managers0.5%L2L2L252%6.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Negotiate interconnection agreements with other utilities.Geothermal Production Managers · supplemental task0.5%L1L1L235%25 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Participate in the development of product specifications.Quality Control Systems Managers0.5%L2L2L250%4.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Obtain permits for constructing, upgrading, or operating geothermal power plants.Geothermal Production Managers · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L255%44 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Review statistical studies, technological advances, or regulatory standards and trends to stay abreast of issues in the field of quality control.Quality Control Systems Managers0.5%L3L3L378%3.0 hAccess to systems
Coordinate the selection and implementation of quality control equipment, such as inspection gauges.Quality Control Systems Managers0.4%L2L2L245%6.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Evaluate new testing and sampling methodologies or technologies to determine usefulness.Quality Control Systems Managers0.4%L2L2L258%6.5 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Generate and maintain quality control operating budgets.Quality Control Systems Managers0.4%L2L2L265%6.0 hAccess to systems
Confer with marketing and sales departments to define client requirements and expectations.Quality Control Systems Managers0.4%L2L2L242%1.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Review and approve quality plans submitted by contractors.Quality Control Systems Managers0.3%L2L2L265%2.3 hAccountability
Instruct vendors or contractors on quality guidelines, testing procedures, or ways to eliminate deficiencies.Quality Control Systems Managers0.3%L2L2L255%2.0 hTrust and care
Audit and inspect subcontractor facilities including external laboratories.Quality Control Systems Managers · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L235%8.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentile
ADI (this index)69.6%68
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.39961
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure0.50965
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure6861
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.22760
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.01344

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (13)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: manufacturing managers (69.6%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Manufacturing managers (ISCO-08 1321), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/1321

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Manufacturing managers (ISCO-08 1321)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/1321.json.