ISCO-08 9412
Kitchen helpers
2.4%
ADI · 414th of 433 · 95% interval 0.0–5.9
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 2.4% of the task time of kitchen helpers, and finish 0.0% alone. Most of the rest requires physical presence.
ADI · partial or full2.4%
414th of 433 · interval 0.0–5.9
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time5.5%
431st of 433 · interval 3.7–7.6
Evidence67
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 10.5 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 93.0%L1Augmentation · 4.6%L2Partial delegation · 2.4%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
67 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wash dishes, glassware, flatware, pots, or pans, using dishwashers or by hand.Dishwashers | 4.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 45 min | Physical presence |
| Maintain kitchen work areas, equipment, or utensils in clean and orderly condition.Dishwashers | 4.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Place clean dishes, utensils, or cooking equipment in storage areas.Dishwashers | 4.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 12 min | Physical presence |
| Sweep or scrub floors.Dishwashers | 3.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 15 min | Physical presence |
| Stock supplies, such as food or utensils, in serving stations, cupboards, refrigerators, or salad bars.Dishwashers | 3.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Clean or prepare various foods for cooking or serving.Dishwashers | 3.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Sort and remove trash, placing it in designated pickup areas.Dishwashers | 3.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 12 min | Physical presence |
| Transfer supplies or equipment between storage and work areas, by hand or using hand trucks.Dishwashers | 2.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 15 min | Physical presence |
| Receive and store supplies.Dishwashers | 2.6% | L0 | L0L2 | 19% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Clean garbage cans with water or steam.Dishwashers | 2.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 12 min | Physical presence |
| Prepare and package individual place settings.Dishwashers · supplemental task | 2.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 6 min | Physical presence |
| Load or unload trucks that deliver or pick up food or supplies.Dishwashers · supplemental task | 2.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Clean and sanitize work areas, equipment, utensils, dishes, or silverware.Food Preparation Workers | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 32 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Assist cooks and kitchen staff with various tasks as needed, and provide cooks with needed items.Food Preparation Workers | 1.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 4.2 h | Physical presence |
| Distribute food to waiters and waitresses to serve to customers.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 16 min | Physical presence |
Show the other 52 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carry food supplies, equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work areas.Food Preparation Workers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Remove trash and clean kitchen garbage containers.Food Preparation Workers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 15 min | Physical presence |
| Weigh or measure ingredients.Food Preparation Workers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 10 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Take and record temperature of food and food storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers.Food Preparation Workers | 1.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 12 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Operate cash register, handle money, and give correct change.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.4% | L0 | L0L2 | 20% | 2 min | Physical presence |
| Store food in designated containers and storage areas to prevent spoilage.Food Preparation Workers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 18 min | Physical presence |
| Prepare a variety of foods, such as meats, vegetables, or desserts, according to customers' orders or supervisors' instructions, following approved procedures.Food Preparation Workers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Portion and wrap food, or place it directly on plates for service to patrons.Food Preparation Workers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 16 min | Physical presence |
| Set up banquet tables.Dishwashers · supplemental task | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 32 min | Physical presence |
| Package take-out foods or serve food to customers.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Wash, peel, and cut various foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to prepare for cooking or serving.Food Preparation Workers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Vacuum dining area and sweep and mop kitchen floor.Food Preparation Workers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 28 min | Physical presence |
| Assemble meal trays with foods in accordance with patients' diets.Food Preparation Workers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L2 | 18% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Add cutlery, napkins, food, and other items to trays on assembly lines in hospitals, cafeterias, airline kitchens, and similar establishments.Food Preparation Workers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Place food trays over food warmers for immediate service, or store them in refrigerated storage cabinets.Food Preparation Workers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 4 min | Physical presence |
| Load dishes, glasses, and tableware into dishwashing machines.Food Preparation Workers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 12 min | Physical presence |
| Stock cupboards and refrigerators, and tend salad bars and buffet meals.Food Preparation Workers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 45 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Use manual or electric appliances to clean, peel, slice, and trim foods.Food Preparation Workers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 35 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Prepare and serve a variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks.Food Preparation Workers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Distribute menus to hospital patients, collect diet sheets, and deliver food trays and snacks to nursing units or directly to patients.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.4 h | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Butcher and clean fowl, fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serving.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inform supervisors when equipment is not working properly and when food and supplies are getting low, and order needed items.Food Preparation Workers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Keep records of the quantities of food used.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 20 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Cut, slice or grind meat, poultry, and seafood to prepare for cooking.Food Preparation Workers · supplemental task | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Scrape leftovers from dishes into garbage containers.Food Preparation Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 6 min | Physical presence |
| Receive and store food supplies, equipment, and utensils in refrigerators, cupboards, and other storage areas.Food Preparation Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Make special dressings and sauces as condiments for sandwiches.Food Preparation Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 22 min | Physical presence |
| Stir and strain soups and sauces.Food Preparation Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 20 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Scrape and stack dirty dishes and carry dishes and other tableware to kitchens for cleaning.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 9 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Mix ingredients for green salads, molded fruit salads, vegetable salads, and pasta salads.Food Preparation Workers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Serve ice water, coffee, rolls, or butter to patrons.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 3 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Wipe tables or seats with dampened cloths or replace dirty tablecloths.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 6 min | Physical presence |
| Set tables with clean linens, condiments, or other supplies.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 9 min | Physical presence |
| Greet and seat customers.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L0 | L1L0 | 8% | 2 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Fill beverage or ice dispensers.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 8 min | Physical presence |
| Run cash registers.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain adequate supplies of items, such as clean linens, silverware, glassware, dishes, or trays.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 9% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Carry food, dishes, trays, or silverware from kitchens or supply departments to serving counters.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 10 min | Physical presence |
| Locate items requested by customers.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Perform serving, cleaning, or stocking duties in establishments, such as cafeterias or dining rooms, to facilitate customer service.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Clean up spilled food or drink or broken dishes and remove empty bottles and trash.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 6 min | Physical presence |
| Carry trays from food counters to tables for cafeteria patrons.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 0% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Serve food to customers when waiters or waitresses need assistance.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 8 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Replenish supplies of food or equipment at steam tables or service bars.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 15 min | Physical presence |
| Stock cabinets or serving areas with condiments and refill condiment containers.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 12 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Garnish foods and position them on tables to make them visible and accessible.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Wash glasses or other serving equipment at bars.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 18 min | Physical presence |
| Clean and polish counters, shelves, walls, furniture, or equipment in food service areas or other areas of restaurants and mop or vacuum floors.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 42 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Carry linens to or from laundry areas.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 1% | 10 min | Physical presence |
| Slice and pit fruit used to garnish drinks.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 6 min | Physical presence |
| Mix and prepare flavors for mixed drinks.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.5% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 8 min | Physical presence |
| Stock refrigerating units with wines or bottled beer or replace empty beer kegs.Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers · supplemental task | 0.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 2.4% | 5 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.018 | 3 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -1.571 | 4 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 4.6 | 2 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.026 | 18 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0 | 16 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (94)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Fast food preparers 9411 | 10.2 |
Dashed line: kitchen helpers (2.4%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Kitchen helpers (ISCO-08 9412), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/9412
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Kitchen helpers (ISCO-08 9412)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/9412.json.