ISCO-08 7222
Toolmakers and related workers
29.6%
ADI · 252nd of 433 · 95% interval 20.4–39.6
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 29.6% of the task time of toolmakers and related workers, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full29.6%
252nd of 433 · interval 20.4–39.6
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time25.5%
268th of 433 · interval 20.8–30.5
Evidence92
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.2 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 45.1%L1Augmentation · 25.3%L2Partial delegation · 29.6%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
92 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cut new or duplicate keys, using impressions or code key machines.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 2.4% | L0 | L0L2 | 15% | 8 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Cut new or duplicate keys, using key cutting machines.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 2.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 8 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Insert new or repaired tumblers into locks to change combinations.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 2.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 25 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Set up and operate machine tools, such as milling machines, lathes, drill presses, and grinders, to machine castings or patterns.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 2.1% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Verify conformance of patterns or template dimensions to specifications, using measuring instruments such as calipers, scales, and micrometers.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 2.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 22% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Move picklocks in cylinders to open door locks without keys.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 12 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Verify dimensions, alignments, and clearances of finished parts for conformance to specifications, using measuring instruments such as calipers, gauge blocks, micrometers, or dial indicators.Tool and Die Makers | 1.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Install door hardware, such as locks and closers.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study blueprints, drawings, and sketches to determine material dimensions, required equipment, and operations sequences.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 50 min | Access to systems |
| Program computerized numerical control machine tools.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 1.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up and operate machines, such as lathes, drill presses, punch presses, or bandsaws, to fabricate prototypes or models.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 11% | 2.4 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Read and interpret blueprints or drawings of parts to be cast or patterns to be made, compute dimensions, and plan operational sequences.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Disassemble mechanical or electrical locking devices, and repair or replace worn tumblers, springs, and other parts, using hand tools.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.7% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Create computer models of patterns or parts, using modeling software.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.8 h | Access to systems |
| Keep records of company locks and keys.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
Show the other 77 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspect and test products to verify conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments or circuit testers.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 40 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Cut, shape, and form metal parts, using lathes, power saws, snips, power brakes and shears, files, and mallets.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 1.4 h | Physical presence |
| Program computer numerical control (CNC) machines to fabricate model parts.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up and operate conventional or computer numerically controlled machine tools such as lathes, milling machines, or grinders to cut, bore, grind, or otherwise shape parts to prescribed dimensions and finishes.Tool and Die Makers | 1.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Drill, countersink, and ream holes in parts and assemblies for bolts, screws, and other fasteners, using power tools.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 22 min | Physical presence |
| Assemble pattern sections, using hand tools, bolts, screws, rivets, glue, or welding equipment.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 1.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence |
| Repair and rework templates and patterns.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Visualize and compute dimensions, sizes, shapes, and tolerances of assemblies, based on specifications.Tool and Die Makers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.0 h | Access to systems |
| Open safe locks by drilling.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Study blueprints, sketches, models, or specifications to plan sequences of operations for fabricating tools, dies, or assemblies.Tool and Die Makers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Grind, file, and sand parts to finished dimensions.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.3 h | Physical presence |
| Record specifications, production operations, and final dimensions of models for use in establishing operating standards and procedures.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Lift, position, and secure machined parts on surface plates or worktables, using hoists, vises, v-blocks, or angle plates.Tool and Die Makers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 15 min | Physical presence, Accountability |
| Align, fit, and join parts, using bolts and screws or by welding or gluing.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.4 h | Physical presence |
| Clean and finish patterns or templates, using emery cloths, files, scrapers, and power grinders.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Fit and assemble parts to make, repair, or modify dies, jigs, gauges, and tools, using machine tools, hand tools, or welders.Tool and Die Makers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Mark identification numbers or symbols onto patterns or templates.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 1.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 15 min | Physical presence |
| Design and create templates, patterns, or coreboxes according to work orders, sample parts, or mockups.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Use computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software or hardware to fabricate model parts.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Rework or alter component model or parts as required to ensure that products meet standards.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up and maintain master key systems.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect finished dies for smoothness, contour conformity, and defects.Tool and Die Makers | 1.3% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Select metals to be used from a range of metals and alloys, based on properties such as hardness or heat tolerance.Tool and Die Makers | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Measure, mark, and scribe metal or plastic stock to lay out machining, using instruments such as protractors, micrometers, scribes, or rulers.Tool and Die Makers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 30 min | Physical presence |
| Smooth and polish flat and contoured surfaces of parts or tools, using scrapers, abrasive stones, files, emery cloths, or power grinders.Tool and Die Makers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.1 h | Physical presence |
| File, grind, shim, and adjust different parts to properly fit them together.Tool and Die Makers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Construct platforms, fixtures, and jigs for holding and placing patterns.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic | 1.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 4.0 h | Physical presence |
| Repair and adjust safes, vault doors, and vault components, using hand tools, lathes, drill presses, and welding and acetylene cutting apparatus.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Devise and construct tools, dies, molds, jigs, and fixtures, or modify existing tools and equipment.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 8.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Unlock cars and other vehicles.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Lay out and draw or scribe patterns onto material, using compasses, protractors, rulers, scribes, or other instruments.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 1.1% | L1 | L1L1 | 25% | 52 min | Physical presence |
| Cut, shape, and trim blanks or blocks to specified lengths or shapes, using power saws, power shears, rules, and hand tools.Tool and Die Makers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Set up and operate drill presses to drill and tap holes in parts for assembly.Tool and Die Makers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 38 min | Physical presence |
| Conduct test runs with completed tools or dies to ensure that parts meet specifications, making adjustments as necessary.Tool and Die Makers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 21% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Consult and confer with engineering personnel to discuss developmental problems and to recommend product modifications.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 1.3 h | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Install alarm and electronic access systems.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Fit and align fabricated parts to be welded or assembled.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 1.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 45 min | Physical presence |
| Design jigs, fixtures, and templates for use as work aids in the fabrication of parts or products.Tool and Die Makers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 4.0 h | Access to systems |
| Mark curves, lines, holes, dimensions, and welding symbols onto workpieces, using scribes, soapstones, punches, and hand drills.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 42 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Lay out and mark reference points and dimensions on materials, using measuring instruments and drawing or scribing tools.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic | 1.0% | L1 | L1L1 | 12% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Paint or lacquer patterns.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 52 min | Physical presence |
| Select pattern materials such as wood, resin, and fiberglass.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 45 min | Access to systems |
| Set pyrometer controls of heat-treating furnaces and feed or place parts, tools, or assemblies into furnaces to harden.Tool and Die Makers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 9% | 38 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Develop and design new tools and dies, using computer-aided design software.Tool and Die Makers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 6.0 h | Access to systems |
| Lay out and fabricate metal structural parts such as plates, bulkheads, and frames.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Brace parts in position within hulls or ships for riveting or welding.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Lift and position workpieces in relation to surface plates, manually or with hoists, and using parallel blocks and angle plates.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 18 min | Physical presence |
| Install safes, vault doors, and deposit boxes according to blueprints, using equipment such as power drills, taps, dies, truck cranes, and dollies.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers | 0.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 5.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan and develop layouts from blueprints and templates, applying knowledge of trigonometry, design, effects of heat, and properties of metals.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Locate center lines and verify template positions, using measuring instruments such as gauge blocks, height gauges, and dial indicators.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 38 min | Physical presence |
| Plan locations and sequences of cutting, drilling, bending, rolling, punching, and welding operations, using compasses, protractors, dividers, and rules.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 52 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compute layout dimensions, and determine and mark reference points on metal stock or workpieces for further processing, such as welding and assembly.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 45 min | Physical presence |
| Assemble mechanical, electrical, and electronic components into models or prototypes, using hand tools, power tools, and fabricating machines.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Apply plastic-impregnated fabrics or coats of sealing wax or lacquer to patterns used to produce plastic.Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 1.5 h | Physical presence |
| Install doors, hatches, brackets, and clips.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.7% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 38 min | Physical presence |
| Inspect machined parts to verify conformance to specifications.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 22 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Add dimensional details to blueprints or drawings made by other workers.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 45 min | Access to systems |
| Design and prepare templates of wood, paper, or metal.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 1.5 h | Physical presence |
| Wire and solder electrical and electronic connections and components.Model Makers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.5% | L0 | L1L0 | 8% | 38 min | Physical presence |
| Determine the sequence of machine operations, and select the proper cutting tools needed to machine workpieces into the desired shapes.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Analyze job orders, drawings, blueprints, specifications, printed circuit board pattern films, and design data to calculate dimensions, tool selection, machine speeds, and feed rates.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.4 h | Access to systems |
| Write programs in the language of a machine's controller and store programs on media, such as punch tapes, magnetic tapes, or disks.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 2.0 h | Access to systems |
| Determine reference points, machine cutting paths, or hole locations, and compute angular and linear dimensions, radii, and curvatures.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 70% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Enter computer commands to store or retrieve parts patterns, graphic displays, or programs that transfer data to other media.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.4% | L2 | L3L2 | 75% | 18 min | Access to systems |
| Observe machines on trial runs or conduct computer simulations to ensure that programs and machinery will function properly and produce items that meet specifications.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Revise programs or tapes to eliminate errors, and retest programs to check that problems have been solved.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 1.6 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Modify existing programs to enhance efficiency.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Enter coordinates of hole locations into program memories by depressing pedals or buttons of programmers.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 48% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Compare encoded tapes or computer printouts with original part specifications and blueprints to verify accuracy of instructions.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 52 min | Access to systems |
| Prepare geometric layouts from graphic displays, using computer-assisted drafting software or drafting instruments and graph paper.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L3 | 68% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Sort shop orders into groups to maximize materials utilization and minimize machine setup time.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.5 h | Access to systems |
| Write instruction sheets and cutter lists for a machine's controller to guide setup and encode numerical control tapes.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers · supplemental task | 0.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 1.8 h | Access to systems |
| Remove interior and exterior finishes on safes and vaults, and spray on new finishes.Locksmiths and Safe Repairers · supplemental task | 0.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Align and secure pattern film on reference tables of optical programmers, and observe enlarger scope views of printed circuit boards.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers · supplemental task | 0.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Perform preventative maintenance or minor repairs on machines.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Apply pigment to layout surfaces, using paint brushes.Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic · supplemental task | 0.2% | L0 | L0L0 | 2% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Order tooling for jobs.Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers | 0.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 45 min | Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 29.6% | 42 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.206 | 36 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.679 | 34 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 56 | 50 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.112 | 40 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.006 | 37 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (72)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Bicycle and related repairers 7234 | 28.2 | |
| Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers 7232 | 21.4 | |
| Metal working machine tool setters and operators 7223 | 17.4 | |
| Sheet-metal workers 7213 | 14.8 | |
| Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers 7233 | 14.7 | |
| Structural-metal preparers and erectors 7214 | 10.5 | |
| Welders and flamecutters 7212 | 9.9 | |
| Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers 7221 | 9.1 | |
| Riggers and cable splicers 7215 | 7.9 | |
| Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers 7231 | 7.1 | |
| Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners 7224 | 4.1 | |
| Metal moulders and coremakers 7211 | 2.3 |
Dashed line: toolmakers and related workers (29.6%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Toolmakers and related workers (ISCO-08 7222), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/7222
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Toolmakers and related workers (ISCO-08 7222)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/7222.json.