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ISCO-08 3152

Ships' deck officers and pilots

30.4%
ADI · 249th of 433 · 95% interval 19.1–44.3

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 30.4% of the task time of ships' deck officers and pilots, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full30.4%

249th of 433 · interval 19.1–44.3

ADI3 · full delegation0.0%

201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0

ADIs · share of time28.5%

249th of 433 · interval 23.3–34.2

Evidence98

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 0.3 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

27%
43%
30%
L0No meaningful role · 27.0%L1Augmentation · 42.6%L2Partial delegation · 30.4%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence78%
Accountability88%
Trust and care26%
Access to systems92%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

98 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)Sonnet · HaikuBarriers
Direct courses and speeds of ships, based on specialized knowledge of local winds, weather, water depths, tides, currents, and hazards.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels4.0%L1L1L225%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Operate ship-to-shore radios to exchange information needed for ship operations.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.7%L0L1L012%8 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Prevent ships under navigational control from engaging in unsafe operations.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.7%L1L1L120%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Consult maps, charts, weather reports, or navigation equipment to determine and direct ship movements.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.6%L2L2L242%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Steer and operate vessels, using radios, depth finders, radars, lights, buoys, or lighthouses.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.6%L1L1L114%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Read gauges to verify sufficient levels of hydraulic fluid, air pressure, or oxygen.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.4%L0L1L012%8 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Stand watches on vessels during specified periods while vessels are under way.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.3%L1L1L115%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Measure depths of water, using depth-measuring equipment.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.2%L0L1L010%15 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Tow and maneuver barges or signal tugboats to tow barges to destinations.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels · supplemental task3.0%L0L0L18%5.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Dock or undock vessels, sometimes maneuvering through narrow spaces, such as locks.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.0%L0L0L16%38 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Signal passing vessels, using whistles, flashing lights, flags, or radios.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels3.0%L0L0L05%4 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Inspect vessels to ensure efficient and safe operation of vessels and equipment and conformance to regulations.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.9%L1L1L225%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Signal crew members or deckhands to rig tow lines, open or close gates or ramps, or pull guard chains across entries.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.9%L0L0L02%5 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain records of daily activities, personnel reports, ship positions and movements, ports of call, weather and sea conditions, pollution control efforts, or cargo or passenger status.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.9%L2L2L258%42 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Perform various marine duties, such as checking for oil spills or other pollutants around ports or harbors or patrolling beaches.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels · supplemental task2.9%L0L0L222%2.8 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Show the other 83 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)Sonnet · HaikuBarriers
Serve as a vessel's docking master upon arrival at a port or at a berth.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.8%L1L1L112%1.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Advise ships' masters on harbor rules and customs procedures.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.8%L2L2L262%1.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Calculate sightings of land, using electronic sounding devices and following contour lines on charts.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.7%L2L2L248%20 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Maintain boats or equipment on board, such as engines, winches, navigational systems, fire extinguishers, or life preservers.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.6%L1L1L118%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Direct or coordinate crew members or workers performing activities such as loading or unloading cargo, steering vessels, operating engines, or operating, maintaining, or repairing ship equipment.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.5%L1L1L220%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Observe loading or unloading of cargo or equipment to ensure that handling and storage are performed according to specifications.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.3%L1L1L112%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Supervise crews in cleaning or maintaining decks, superstructures, or bridges.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.1%L1L1L222%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Arrange for ships to be fueled, restocked with supplies, or repaired.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels2.1%L2L2L260%1.8 hAccountability, Access to systems
Conduct safety drills such as man overboard or fire drills.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels · supplemental task2.1%L1L1L225%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Purchase supplies or equipment.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels1.5%L2L2L262%1.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Assign watches or living quarters to crew members.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels · supplemental task1.5%L2L2L262%1.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Learn to operate new technology systems and procedures through instruction, simulators, or models.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels1.1%L1L1L230%6.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Report to appropriate authorities any violations of federal or state pilotage laws.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels0.9%L2L2L258%45 minAccountability, Access to systems
Inspect airfield conditions to ensure compliance with federal regulatory requirements.Airfield Operations Specialists0.8%L1L1L225%1.4 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Conduct inspections of the airport property and perimeter to maintain controlled access to airfields.Airfield Operations Specialists0.8%L0L0L112%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Implement airfield safety procedures to ensure a safe operating environment for personnel and aircraft operation.Airfield Operations Specialists0.8%L1L1L228%2.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Manage wildlife on and around airport grounds.Airfield Operations Specialists0.8%L1L1L230%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Provide assistance in maritime rescue operations.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels0.7%L1L1L226%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Interview and hire crew members.Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L242%2.3 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Perform and supervise airfield management activities, including mobile airfield management functions.Airfield Operations Specialists0.7%L1L1L225%4.8 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Monitor the arrival, parking, refueling, loading, and departure of all aircraft.Airfield Operations Specialists0.7%L1L1L232%4.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Coordinate with agencies to meet aircrew requirements for billeting, messing, refueling, ground transportation, and transient aircraft maintenance.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L255%1.1 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Receive, transmit, and control message traffic.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L255%12 minAccountability, Access to systems
Use airfield landing and navigational aids and digital data terminal communications equipment to perform duties.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L1L1L225%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Coordinate communications between air traffic control and maintenance personnel.Airfield Operations Specialists0.6%L2L2L240%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain air-to-ground and point-to-point radio contact with aircraft commanders.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L0L1L012%20 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Coordinate with agencies, such as air traffic control, civil engineers, or command posts, to ensure support of airfield management activities.Airfield Operations Specialists0.6%L1L1L235%52 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Assist in responding to aircraft and medical emergencies.Airfield Operations Specialists0.6%L1L1L120%52 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Receive and post weather information and flight plan data, such as air routes or arrival and departure times.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L268%15 minAccountability, Access to systems
Relay departure, arrival, delay, aircraft and airfield status, and other pertinent information to upline controlling agencies.Airfield Operations Specialists0.5%L2L2L258%15 minAccess to systems
Provide aircrews with information and services needed for airfield management and flight planning.Airfield Operations Specialists0.5%L2L2L255%28 minAccountability, Access to systems
Conduct departure and arrival briefings.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.5%L1L1L245%25 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain flight and event logs, air crew flying records, and flight operations records of incoming and outgoing flights.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L268%25 minAccountability, Access to systems
Post visual display boards and status boards.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L245%20 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Procure, produce, and provide information on the safe operation of aircraft, such as flight planning publications, operations publications, charts and maps, or weather information.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L262%1.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Train operations staff.Airfield Operations Specialists0.5%L2L2L250%4.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan and coordinate airfield construction.Airfield Operations Specialists0.5%L2L2L248%22 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Collaborate with others to plan flight schedules and air crew assignments.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L258%2.3 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Initiate or conduct airport-wide coordination of snow removal on runways and taxiways.Airfield Operations Specialists0.4%L2L2L242%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Anticipate aircraft equipment needs for air evacuation and cargo flights.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L260%1.1 hAccountability, Access to systems
Coordinate changes to flight itineraries with appropriate Air Traffic Control (ATC) agencies.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L245%25 minAccountability, Access to systems
Check military flight plans with civilian agencies.Airfield Operations Specialists · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L250%30 minAccountability, Access to systems
Enforce safety rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.3%L1L1L225%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Confer with customers, supervisors, contractors, or other personnel to exchange information or to resolve problems.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.3%L2L2L245%25 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Resolve worker problems or collaborate with employees to assist in problem resolution.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L1L1L230%25 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Plan work assignments and equipment allocations to meet transportation, operations or production goals.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L258%1.3 hAccess to systems
Review orders, production schedules, blueprints, or shipping or receiving notices to determine work sequences and material shipping dates, types, volumes, or destinations.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L265%45 minAccess to systems
Drive vehicles or operate machines or equipment to complete work assignments or to assist workers.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L0L0L02%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Interpret transportation or tariff regulations, shipping orders, safety regulations, or company policies and procedures for workers.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L260%32 minAccountability, Trust and care
Examine, measure, or weigh cargo or materials to determine specific handling requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L1L1L120%18 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Monitor field work to ensure proper performance and use of materials.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L1L1L232%1.3 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Maintain or verify records of time, materials, expenditures, or crew activities.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L260%38 minAccountability, Access to systems
Inspect or test materials, stock, vehicles, equipment, or facilities to ensure that they are safe, free of defects, and consistent with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L1L1L230%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Dispatch personnel and vehicles in response to telephone or radio reports of emergencies.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L248%8 minAccountability, Access to systems
Compute or estimate cash, payroll, transportation, personnel, or storage requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L268%1.3 hAccess to systems
Plan and establish schedules.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L262%1.8 hAccess to systems
Direct workers in transportation or related services, such as pumping, moving, storing, or loading or unloading of materials.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators · supplemental task0.2%L1L1L232%2.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Assist workers in tasks, such as loading vehicles.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators · supplemental task0.2%L0L0L219%30 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Requisition needed personnel, supplies, equipment, parts, or repair services.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L262%38 minAccess to systems
Explain and demonstrate work tasks to new workers or assign training tasks to experienced workers.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L1L1L228%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Perform or schedule repairs or preventive maintenance of vehicles or other equipment.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators · supplemental task0.2%L2L2L242%1.3 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Prepare, compile, and submit reports on work activities, operations, production, or work-related accidents.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L268%52 minAccountability, Access to systems
Recommend and implement measures to improve worker motivation, equipment performance, work methods, or customer services.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.2%L2L2L245%3.3 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Recommend or implement personnel actions, such as employee selection, evaluation, rewards, or disciplinary actions.First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators0.1%L2L2L255%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Participate in continuing education to stay abreast of industry trends and developments.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L250%1.8 h–
Recommend and implement measures to improve worker motivation, work methods, or customer services.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L242%3.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Analyze and record personnel or operational data and write related activity reports.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L270%1.5 hAccess to systems
Recruit and hire staff members.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L258%6.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Requisition necessary supplies, equipment, or services.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L262%38 minAccess to systems
Resolve customer complaints regarding worker performance or services rendered.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L252%35 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Take disciplinary action to address performance problems.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L238%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Train workers in proper operational procedures and functions and explain company policies.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L242%1.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Observe and evaluate workers' appearance and performance to ensure quality service and compliance with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L122%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Meet with managers or other supervisors to stay informed of changes affecting operations.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L228%52 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure conformance to established standards in areas such as cleanliness or maintenance.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L115%35 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Inspect materials, stock, vehicles, equipment, or facilities to ensure that they are safe, free of defects, and consistent with specifications.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L120%45 minPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Inform workers about interests or special needs of specific groups.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L260%30 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Explain and demonstrate work tasks to new workers or assign training tasks to experienced workers.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L232%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care
Enforce safety rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L230%1.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Direct or coordinate the activities of workers, such as flight or car attendants.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L1L1L230%4.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Compute or estimate cash, payroll, transportation, or personnel requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L268%1.0 hAccess to systems
Apply customer feedback to service improvement efforts.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L258%2.0 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Confer with customers, supervisors, contractors, or other personnel to exchange information or to resolve problems.First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants · supplemental task0.1%L2L2L242%25 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentilePct
ADI (this index)30.4%43
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.25943
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure-0.22845
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure79.23972
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.15848
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.00738

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (31)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: ships' deck officers and pilots (30.4%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Ships' deck officers and pilots (ISCO-08 3152), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/3152

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Ships' deck officers and pilots (ISCO-08 3152)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/3152.json.