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Balam Labs
ISCO-08 3118

Draughtspersons

82.3%
ADI · 104th of 433 · 95% interval 75.1–89.1

An AI agent can at least partly carry out 82.3% of the task time of draughtspersons, and finish 0.4% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.

ADI · partial or full82.3%

104th of 433 · interval 75.1–89.1

ADI3 · full delegation0.4%

183rd of 433 · interval 0.0–1.2

ADIs · share of time52.8%

108th of 433 · interval 50.0–55.4

Evidence101

task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 1.9 million.

Task weight by level

How the tasks rate

13%
82%
L0No meaningful role · 4.3%L1Augmentation · 13.4%L2Partial delegation · 81.9%L3Full delegation · 0.4%
Barriers

What stops the agent

Physical presence20%
Accountability26%
Trust and care13%
Access to systems52%

Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.

101 task statements, heaviest first
Task statement (O*NET occupation)Sonnet · HaikuBarriers
Develop detailed design drawings and specifications for mechanical equipment, dies, tools, and controls, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment.Mechanical Drafters3.2%L2L2L255%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Produce three-dimensional models, using computer-aided design (CAD) software.Mechanical Drafters2.7%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccess to systems
Lay out and draw schematic, orthographic, or angle views to depict functional relationships of components, assemblies, systems, and machines.Mechanical Drafters2.5%L2L2L262%3.0 hAccess to systems
Review and analyze specifications, sketches, drawings, ideas, and related data to assess factors affecting component designs and the procedures and instructions to be followed.Mechanical Drafters2.3%L2L2L260%1.5 hAccess to systems
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to the materials.Mechanical Drafters2.2%L2L2L265%45 minAccess to systems
Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices.Architectural and Civil Drafters2.1%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Modify and revise designs to correct operating deficiencies or to reduce production problems.Mechanical Drafters2.1%L2L2L250%2.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design scale or full-size blueprints of specialty items, such as furniture and automobile body or chassis components.Mechanical Drafters2.1%L2L2L260%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Compute mathematical formulas to develop and design detailed specifications for components or machinery, using computer-assisted equipment.Mechanical Drafters1.9%L2L2L260%2.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Position instructions and comments onto drawings.Mechanical Drafters1.9%L2L2L258%45 minAccess to systems
Coordinate with and consult other workers to design, lay out, or detail components and systems and to resolve design or other problems.Mechanical Drafters1.8%L2L2L242%1.3 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.8%L2L2L258%7.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Draft detail and assembly drawings of design components, circuitry or printed circuit boards, using computer-assisted equipment or standard drafting techniques and devices.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.5%L2L2L258%3.5 hAccess to systems
Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.4%L2L2L252%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Draw rough and detailed scale plans for foundations, buildings, and structures, based on preliminary concepts, sketches, engineering calculations, specification sheets, and other data.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.4%L2L2L262%5.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Show the other 86 tasks
Task statement (O*NET occupation)Sonnet · HaikuBarriers
Consult with engineers to discuss or interpret design concepts, or determine requirements of detailed working drawings.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.4%L2L2L245%1.0 hAccess to systems
Draft working drawings, wiring diagrams, wiring connection specifications, or cross-sections of underground cables, as required for instructions to installation crew.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.4%L2L2L260%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Lay out and plan interior room arrangements for commercial buildings, using computer-assisted drafting (CAD) equipment and software.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.3%L2L2L258%5.3 hAccountability, Access to systems
Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.3%L2L2L268%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.3%L2L2L260%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Draw freehand sketches of designs, trace finished drawings onto designated paper for the reproduction of blueprints, and reproduce working drawings on copy machines.Mechanical Drafters1.3%L1L2L138%1.5 hPhysical presence
Supervise and train other drafters, technologists, and technicians.Mechanical Drafters1.3%L1L1L228%2.5 hTrust and care, Access to systems
Lay out, draw, and reproduce illustrations for reference manuals and technical publications to describe operation and maintenance of mechanical systems.Mechanical Drafters1.2%L2L2L260%4.0 hAccess to systems
Confer with engineering staff and other personnel to resolve problems.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.2%L2L2L245%52 minTrust and care, Access to systems
Assemble documentation packages and produce drawing sets to be checked by an engineer or an architect.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.2%L2L2L258%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Supervise and train other technologists, technicians, and drafters.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.2%L1L1L230%1.5 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Locate files relating to specified design project in database library, load program into computer, and record completed job data.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.2%L2L2L378%20 minAccess to systems
Determine the order of work and method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.2%L2L2L258%52 minAccess to systems
Review rough sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering data to ensure that they conform to design concepts.Architectural and Civil Drafters · supplemental task1.2%L2L2L258%1.8 hAccess to systems
Represent architect or engineer on construction site, ensuring builder compliance with design specifications and advising on design corrections, under supervision.Architectural and Civil Drafters · supplemental task1.2%L1L1L228%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare cost estimates, contracts, bidding documents, and technical reports for specific projects under an architect's or engineer's supervision.Architectural and Civil Drafters · supplemental task1.2%L2L2L262%6.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Confer with customer representatives to review schematics and answer questions pertaining to installation of systems.Mechanical Drafters1.1%L2L2L250%1.0 hTrust and care
Review completed construction drawings and cost estimates for accuracy and conformity to standards and regulations.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.1%L2L2L265%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Generate computer tapes of final layout design to produce layered photo masks or photo plotting design onto film.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task1.1%L2L2L270%1.3 hAccess to systems
Finish and duplicate drawings and documentation packages according to required mediums and specifications for reproduction, using blueprinting, photography, or other duplicating methods.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.1%L2L2L258%1.3 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Examine electronic schematics and supporting documents to develop, compute, and verify specifications for drafting data, such as configuration of parts, dimensions, or tolerances.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.1%L2L2L258%2.0 hAccess to systems
Check dimensions of materials to be used and assign numbers to lists of materials.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.1%L2L2L270%1.3 hAccess to systems
Determine procedures and instructions to be followed, according to design specifications and quantity of required materials.Architectural and Civil Drafters1.1%L2L2L262%3.0 hAccountability
Compare logic element configuration on display screen with engineering schematics and calculate figures to convert, redesign, or modify element.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.1%L2L2L258%1.1 hAccountability, Access to systems
Review work orders or procedural manuals and confer with vendors or design staff to resolve problems or modify design.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.0%L2L2L255%1.8 hAccountability, Access to systems
Supervise or train other technologists, technicians, or drafters.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task1.0%L1L1L230%2.0 hAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Prepare and interpret specifications, calculating weights, volumes, or stress factors.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L262%1.8 hAccountability
Use computer-aided drafting equipment or conventional drafting stations, technical handbooks, tables, calculators, or traditional drafting tools, such as boards, pencils, protractors, or T-squares.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task1.0%L2L2L262%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Draw master sketches to scale showing relation of proposed installations to existing facilities and exact specifications and dimensions.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.0%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccess to systems
Measure factors that affect installation and arrangement of equipment, such as distances to be spanned by wire and cable.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.0%L2L2L260%1.1 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Use materials such as pens and ink, watercolors, charcoal, oil, or computer software to create artwork.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators1.0%L2L2L252%6.0 hPhysical presence
Review blueprints to determine customer requirements and consult with assembler regarding schematics, wiring procedures, or conductor paths.Electrical and Electronics Drafters1.0%L2L2L258%1.3 hAccess to systems
Shade or color drawings to clarify and emphasize details and dimensions or eliminate background, using ink, crayon, airbrush, and overlays.Mechanical Drafters · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L258%1.3 hPhysical presence
Key and program specified commands and engineering specifications into computer system to change functions and test final layout.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L265%2.5 hAccess to systems
Determine the order of work and the method of presentation, such as orthographic or isometric drawing.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.9%L2L2L260%38 min–
Integrate and develop visual elements, such as line, space, mass, color, and perspective, to produce desired effects, such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.9%L2L2L255%3.5 hPhysical presence
Study work order requests to determine type of service, such as lighting or power, demanded by installation.Electrical and Electronics Drafters0.9%L2L3L280%25 min–
Copy drawings of printed circuit board fabrication using print machine or blueprinting procedure.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.9%L1L2L138%30 minPhysical presence, Access to systems
Correlate, interpret, and modify data obtained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysical prospecting reports.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.9%L2L2L258%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Design electrical systems, such as lighting systems.Electrical and Electronics Drafters0.9%L2L2L258%5.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments as necessary.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.8%L2L2L245%52 minPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Locate and identify symbols on topographical surveys to denote geological and geophysical formations or oil field installations.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.8%L2L2L265%52 min–
Explain drawings to production or construction teams and provide adjustments, as necessary.Electrical and Electronics Drafters0.8%L1L1L240%52 minAccountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Create sculptures, statues, and other three-dimensional artwork by using abrasives and tools to shape, carve, and fabricate materials such as clay, stone, wood, or metal.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.8%L0L0L110%25 hPhysical presence
Shade and fill in sketch outlines and backgrounds, using a variety of media such as water colors, markers, and transparent washes, labeling designated colors when necessary.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.8%L1L1L112%2.3 hPhysical presence
Obtain and assemble data to complete architectural designs, visiting job sites to compile measurements as necessary.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.8%L2L2L245%5.5 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Determine quality, cost, strength, and quantity of required materials, and enter figures on materials lists.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.7%L2L2L262%1.8 hAccountability, Access to systems
Plot characteristics of boreholes for oil and gas wells from photographic subsurface survey recordings and other data, representing depth, degree, and direction of inclination.Architectural and Civil Drafters · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L270%3.5 hAccountability, Access to systems
Select drill size to drill test head, according to test design and specifications, and submit guide layout to designated department.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.7%L2L2L265%1.1 hAccess to systems
Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections, or technical investigations to obtain data required to revise construction drawings.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.7%L1L1L228%3.0 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Reproduce working drawings on copy machines or trace drawings in ink.Electrical and Electronics Drafters0.7%L1L1L128%52 minPhysical presence
Create freehand drawings and lettering to accompany drawings.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.7%L2L2L260%1.4 h–
Model substances such as clay or wax, using fingers and small hand tools to form objects.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L02%2.5 hPhysical presence
Reproduce drawings on copy machines or trace copies of plans and drawings, using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and standard drafting instruments.Architectural and Civil Drafters · supplemental task0.7%L0L0L112%1.0 hPhysical presence
Visit proposed installation sites and draw rough sketches of location.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.6%L0L0L118%2.8 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Plot electrical test points on layout sheets and draw schematics for wiring test fixture heads to frames.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L258%3.5 hAccess to systems
Submit preliminary or finished artwork or project plans to clients for approval, incorporating changes as necessary.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L258%2.0 hTrust and care
Render drawings, illustrations, and sketches of buildings, manufactured products, or models, working from sketches, blueprints, memory, models, or reference materials.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.6%L2L2L262%3.0 h–
Confer with clients, editors, writers, art directors, and other interested parties regarding the nature and content of artwork to be produced.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.6%L2L2L250%1.0 hTrust and care
Calculate excavation tonnage and prepare graphs and fill-hauling diagrams for use in earth-moving operations.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.6%L2L2L268%4.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Calculate weights, volumes, and stress factors and their implications for technical aspects of designs.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.6%L2L2L265%1.3 hAccountability
Cut, bend, laminate, arrange, and fasten individual or mixed raw and manufactured materials and products to form works of art.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.6%L1L1L110%5.5 hPhysical presence
Apply solvents and cleaning agents to clean surfaces of paintings, and to remove accretions, discolorations, and deteriorated varnish.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.6%L0L0L16%3.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Access to systems
Prepare colored drawings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to client.Architectural and Civil Drafters0.5%L2L2L262%4.5 h–
Supervise and coordinate work activities of workers engaged in drafting, designing layouts, assembling, or testing printed circuit boards.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.5%L1L1L232%2.5 hPhysical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems
Study different techniques to learn how to apply them to artistic endeavors.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.5%L1L1L248%4.0 hPhysical presence
Market artwork through brochures, mailings, or Web sites.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.5%L2L2L370%4.0 hAccess to systems
Develop project budgets for approval, estimating time lines and material costs.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L270%2.0 h–
Create finished art work as decoration, or to elucidate or substitute for spoken or written messages.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L250%7.0 hPhysical presence
Create sketches, profiles, or likenesses of posed subjects or photographs, using any combination of freehand drawing, mechanical assembly kits, and computer imaging.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L248%2.5 hPhysical presence
Frame and mat artwork for display or sale.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.5%L1L1L115%1.5 hPhysical presence
Create and prepare sketches and model drawings of cartoon characters, providing details from memory, live models, manufactured products, or reference materials.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.5%L2L2L255%1.3 hPhysical presence
Train students to use drafting machines and to prepare schematic diagrams, block diagrams, control drawings, logic diagrams, integrated circuit drawings, or interconnection diagrams.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.4%L1L1L242%3.0 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Trace drawings onto clear acetate for painting or coloring, or trace them with ink to make final copies.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.4%L1L2L135%1.8 hPhysical presence
Collaborate with engineers, mechanics, and other technical experts as necessary to build and install creations.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.4%L1L1L230%4.5 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Photograph objects, places, or scenes for reference material.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.4%L0L1L012%1.1 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Write technical reports and draw charts that display statistics and data.Electrical and Electronics Drafters · supplemental task0.4%L3L3L382%3.5 h–
Maintain portfolios of artistic work to demonstrate styles, interests, and abilities.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.4%L2L2L260%3.0 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Monitor events, trends, and other circumstances, research specific subject areas, attend art exhibitions, and read art publications to develop ideas and keep current on art world activities.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators0.4%L2L2L255%3.5 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Brush or spray protective or decorative finishes on completed background panels, informational legends, exhibit accessories, or finished paintings.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.4%L0L0L04%1.1 hPhysical presence
Set up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.4%L2L2L238%28 hPhysical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems
Teach artistic techniques to children or adults.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.3%L1L1L232%1.3 hPhysical presence, Trust and care
Submit artwork to shows or galleries.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L265%2.3 hPhysical presence, Access to systems
Collaborate with writers who create ideas, stories, or captions that are combined with artists' work.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L248%2.5 hTrust and care
Calculate heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to determine required equipment specifications, following standard procedures.Architectural and Civil Drafters · supplemental task0.3%L2L2L270%3.0 hAccountability, Access to systems
Provide entertainment at special events by performing activities such as drawing cartoons.Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators · supplemental task0.3%L0L0L110%1.6 hPhysical presence, Trust and care

Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.

Against other measures

Exposure is not delegation

MeasureValuePercentilePct
ADI (this index)82.3%76
Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β0.51881
Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure0.72969
Webb (2020), AI patent exposure77.77869
Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure0.34772
Anthropic Economic Index, observed use0.06665

Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.

Same sub-major group (31)

Neighbouring occupations

Dashed line: draughtspersons (82.3%).

Cite this record
Text

Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Draughtspersons (ISCO-08 3118), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/3118

BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
  title     = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
  author    = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {v2026.1},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
  note      = {Record: Draughtspersons (ISCO-08 3118)}
}
Machine-readable

The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/3118.json.