ISCO-08 9621
Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters
20.5%
ADI · 296th of 433 · 95% interval 6.9–37.5
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 20.5% of the task time of messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters, and finish 1.2% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full20.5%
296th of 433 · interval 6.9–37.5
ADI3 · full delegation1.2%
148th of 433 · interval 0.0–4.2
ADIs · share of time23.4%
284th of 433 · interval 15.8–32.2
Evidence32
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 12.2 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 53.7%L1Augmentation · 25.7%L2Partial delegation · 19.4%L3Full delegation · 1.2%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
32 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greet incoming guests and escort them to their rooms.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 6.3% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 8 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Supply guests or travelers with directions, travel information, and other information, such as available services and points of interest.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 6.1% | L2 | L2L3 | 62% | 4 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Receive and mark baggage by completing and attaching claim checks.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 6.0% | L0 | L0L2 | 19% | 2 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Maintain clean lobbies or entrance areas for travelers or guests.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 6.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 22 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Transport guests about premises and local areas, or arrange for transportation.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 6.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 18 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Transfer luggage, trunks, and packages to and from rooms, loading areas, vehicles, or transportation terminals, by hand or using baggage carts.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 5.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 15 min | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Explain the operation of room features, such as locks, ventilation systems, and televisions.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 5.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 8 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Pick up and return items for laundry and valet service.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 4.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 18 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Deliver messages and room service orders, and run errands for guests.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 4.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 18 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Act as part of the security team at transportation terminals, hotels, or similar establishments.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 4.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Assist travelers and guests with disabilities.Baggage Porters and Bellhops | 4.0% | L0 | L0L2 | 14% | 25 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Page guests in hotel lobbies, dining rooms, or other areas.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 4.0% | L0 | L1L0 | 10% | 5 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Compute and complete charge slips for services rendered and maintain records.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 4.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 5 min | Access to systems |
| Complete baggage insurance forms.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 3.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 15 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inspect guests' rooms to ensure that they are adequately stocked, orderly, and comfortable.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 3.5% | L0 | L0L0 | 5% | 15 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 17 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Weight | Level | Sonnet · Haiku | Share | Human time | Barriers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Set up conference rooms, display tables, racks, or shelves, and arrange merchandise displays for sales personnel.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 2.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 1.0 h | Physical presence |
| Arrange for shipments of baggage, express mail, and parcels by providing weighing and billing services.Baggage Porters and Bellhops · supplemental task | 2.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 15 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Walk, ride bicycles, drive vehicles, or use public conveyances to reach destinations to deliver messages or materials.Couriers and Messengers | 1.6% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 38 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record information, such as items received and delivered and recipients' responses to messages.Couriers and Messengers | 1.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 9 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Receive messages or materials to be delivered, and information on recipients, such as names, addresses, telephone numbers, and delivery instructions, communicated via telephone, two-way radio, or in person.Couriers and Messengers | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 4 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Deliver and pick up medical records, lab specimens, and medications to and from hospitals and other medical facilities.Couriers and Messengers | 1.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Plan and follow the most efficient routes for delivering goods.Couriers and Messengers | 1.4% | L2 | L2L2 | 52% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Sort items to be delivered according to the delivery route.Couriers and Messengers | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 25 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Load vehicles with listed goods, ensuring goods are loaded correctly and taking precautions with hazardous goods.Couriers and Messengers | 1.4% | L1 | L1L1 | 10% | 30 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Deliver messages and items, such as newspapers, documents, and packages, between establishment departments and to other establishments and private homes.Couriers and Messengers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 32 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Obtain signatures and payments, or arrange for recipients to make payments.Couriers and Messengers | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Unload and sort items collected along delivery routes.Couriers and Messengers | 1.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 30 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Check with home offices after completed deliveries to confirm deliveries and collections and to receive instructions for other deliveries.Couriers and Messengers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 65% | 7 min | Access to systems |
| Perform general office or clerical work, such as filing materials, operating duplicating machines, or running errands.Couriers and Messengers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Use telephone to deliver verbal messages.Couriers and Messengers · supplemental task | 1.2% | L3 | L3L3 | 85% | 5 min | Access to systems |
| Collect, seal, and stamp outgoing mail, using postage meters and envelope sealers.Couriers and Messengers · supplemental task | 1.1% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 32 min | Physical presence, Access to systems |
| Perform routine maintenance on delivery vehicles, such as monitoring fluid levels and replenishing fuel.Couriers and Messengers | 0.8% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 20 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 20.5% | 32 |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.206 | 36 |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -1.209 | 11 |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 13.8 | 8 |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.088 | 35 |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.067 | 66 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (96)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Meter readers and vending-machine collectors 9623 | 39.2 | |
| Odd job persons 9622 | 23.8 | |
| Garbage and recycling collectors 9611 | 23.2 | |
| Sweepers and related labourers 9613 | 20.6 | |
| Refuse sorters 9612 | 18.0 | |
| Elementary workers not elsewhere classified 9629 | 10.1 | |
| Water and firewood collectors 9624 | 9.2 |
Dashed line: messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters (20.5%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters (ISCO-08 9621), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/9621
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters (ISCO-08 9621)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/9621.json.