ISCO-08 5412
Police officers
27.9%
ADI · 259th of 433 · 95% interval 14.8–43.8
An AI agent can at least partly carry out 27.9% of the task time of police officers, and finish 0.0% alone. The barrier that holds most of the rest back is access to the systems the work runs on.
ADI · partial or full27.9%
259th of 433 · interval 14.8–43.8
ADI3 · full delegation0.0%
201st of 433 · interval 0.0–0.0
ADIs · share of time30.8%
241st of 433 · interval 25.0–37.7
Evidence62
task statements rated by two models and weighted by importance and frequency. World employment: 4.5 million.
Task weight by level
How the tasks rate
L0No meaningful role · 31.7%L1Augmentation · 40.4%L2Partial delegation · 27.9%L3Full delegation · 0.0%
Barriers
What stops the agent
Share of task weight flagged by each barrier; a task can carry several.
62 task statements, heaviest first
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitor transit areas and conduct security checks to protect railroad properties, patrons, and employees.Transit and Railroad Police | 6.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare reports documenting investigation activities and results.Transit and Railroad Police | 6.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Patrol railroad yards, cars, stations, or other facilities to protect company property or shipments and to maintain order.Transit and Railroad Police | 6.3% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Enforce traffic laws regarding the transit system and reprimand individuals who violate them.Transit and Railroad Police | 5.3% | L0 | L0L2 | 18% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Apprehend or remove trespassers or thieves from railroad property or coordinate with law enforcement agencies in apprehensions and removals.Transit and Railroad Police | 5.0% | L0 | L0L1 | 12% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate or direct investigations of freight theft, suspicious damage or loss of passengers' valuables, or other crimes on railroad property.Transit and Railroad Police | 4.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 6.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct or coordinate the daily activities or training of security staff.Transit and Railroad Police · supplemental task | 4.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Examine credentials of unauthorized persons attempting to enter secured areas.Transit and Railroad Police | 4.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 10% | 10 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide training to the public or law enforcement personnel in railroad safety or security.Transit and Railroad Police | 3.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 42% | 4.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Plan or implement special safety or preventive programs, such as fire or accident prevention.Transit and Railroad Police | 2.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 6.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct security activities at derailments, fires, floods, or strikes involving railroad property.Transit and Railroad Police | 2.5% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Interview neighbors, associates, or former employers of job applicants to verify personal references or to obtain work history data.Transit and Railroad Police · supplemental task | 2.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 50% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare work schedules and assign duties to subordinates.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.5% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 2.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise and coordinate the investigation of criminal cases, offering guidance and expertise to investigators, and ensuring that procedures are conducted in accordance with laws and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.4% | L1 | L1L2 | 32% | 2.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide for public safety by maintaining order, responding to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.4% | L0 | L0L2 | 14% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
Show the other 47 tasks
| Task statement (O*NET occupation) | Sonnet · Haiku | Barriers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maintain logs, prepare reports, and direct the preparation, handling, and maintenance of departmental records.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.3% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.4 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Explain police operations to subordinates to assist them in performing their job duties.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 45 min | Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Drive vehicles or patrol specific areas to detect law violators, issue citations, and make arrests.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.2% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate illegal or suspicious activities.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.2% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Record facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.2% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor traffic to ensure motorists observe traffic regulations and exhibit safe driving procedures.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 16% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Review facts of incidents to determine if criminal act or statute violations were involved.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 58% | 38 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Evaluate complaint and emergency-request information to determine response requirements.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 8 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious persons and situations, safety hazards, and unusual or illegal activity in patrol area.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L2 | 16% | 4.4 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Monitor and evaluate the job performance of subordinates, and authorize promotions and transfers.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.1% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 2.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Patrol and guard courthouses, grand jury rooms, or assigned areas to provide security, enforce laws, maintain order, and arrest violators.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.1% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 5.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Identify, pursue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.1% | L1 | L1L2 | 20% | 2.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Train staff in proper police work procedures.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 42% | 3.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Patrol specific area on foot, horseback, or motorized conveyance, responding promptly to calls for assistance.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.0% | L0 | L0L0 | 3% | 4.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Supervise law enforcement staff, such as jail staff, officers, and deputy sheriffs.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers · supplemental task | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 1.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Review contents of written orders to ensure adherence to legal requirements.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 68% | 38 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 1.5 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Relay complaint and emergency-request information to appropriate agency dispatchers.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 6 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Verify that the proper legal charges have been made against law offenders.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 1.0% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 38 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Direct collection, preparation, and handling of evidence and personal property of prisoners.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 1.0% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Transport or escort prisoners and defendants en route to courtrooms, prisons or jails, attorneys' offices, or medical facilities.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L1 | 6% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Execute arrest warrants, locating and taking persons into custody.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.9% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inspect facilities, supplies, vehicles, and equipment to ensure conformance to standards.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.9% | L1 | L1L2 | 22% | 1.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Question individuals entering secured areas to determine their business, directing and rerouting individuals as necessary.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.9% | L0 | L0L0 | 6% | 4 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Process prisoners, and prepare and maintain records of prisoner bookings and prisoner status during booking and pre-trial process.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers · supplemental task | 0.9% | L2 | L2L2 | 40% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct traffic flow and reroute traffic in case of emergencies.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.8% | L0 | L0L2 | 22% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Investigate traffic accidents and other accidents to determine causes and to determine if a crime has been committed.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct raids and order detention of witnesses and suspects for questioning.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 3.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Direct release or transfer of prisoners.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.8% | L1 | L1L2 | 28% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Photograph or draw diagrams of crime or accident scenes and interview principals and eyewitnesses.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.8% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.8 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Render aid to accident survivors and other persons requiring first aid for physical injuries.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.8% | L0 | L0L0 | 4% | 18 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care |
| Notify patrol units to take violators into custody or to provide needed assistance or medical aid.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.8% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 4 min | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Requisition and issue equipment and supplies.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 55% | 45 min | Physical presence, Accountability, Access to systems |
| Serve statements of claims, subpoenas, summonses, jury summonses, orders to pay alimony, and other court orders.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 18% | 1.0 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Cooperate with court personnel and officials from other law enforcement agencies and testify in court, as necessary.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 25% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Prepare news releases and respond to police correspondence.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives · supplemental task | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 1.1 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Investigate and resolve personnel problems within organization and charges of misconduct against staff.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.7% | L2 | L2L2 | 45% | 17 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Provide road information to assist motorists.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 6 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Inform citizens of community services and recommend options to facilitate longer-term problem resolution.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 18 min | Physical presence, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Testify in court to present evidence or act as witness in traffic and criminal cases.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.7% | L1 | L1L1 | 15% | 2.3 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Discipline staff for violation of department rules and regulations.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.7% | L1 | L1L2 | 38% | 3.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Place people in protective custody.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.6% | L0 | L0L1 | 8% | 1.1 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Meet with civic, educational, and community groups to develop community programs and events, and to discuss law enforcement subjects.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives | 0.6% | L1 | L1L2 | 30% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
| Prepare budgets and manage expenditures of department funds.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 62% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Access to systems |
| Develop, implement, and revise departmental policies and procedures.First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives · supplemental task | 0.6% | L2 | L2L2 | 60% | 6.0 h | Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Locate and confiscate real or personal property, as directed by court order.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.5% | L1 | L1L1 | 20% | 2.5 h | Physical presence, Accountability, Trust and care, Access to systems |
| Conduct community programs for all ages concerning topics such as drugs and violence.Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers | 0.3% | L1 | L1L2 | 35% | 2.0 h | Physical presence, Trust and care |
Level: consensus of the two models (the lower level when they disagree). Share: part of the task’s working time an agent could take over. Human time: minutes a competent person needs for one instance, as estimated by the models.
Against other measures
Exposure is not delegation
| Measure | Value | Percentile | Pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADI (this index) | 27.9% | 40 | |
| Eloundou et al. (2024), GPT exposure β | 0.27 | 45 | |
| Felten et al. (2021), AI occupational exposure | -0.665 | 35 | |
| Webb (2020), AI patent exposure | 68.273 | 64 | |
| Eisfeldt et al. (2026), generative AI exposure | 0.149 | 47 | |
| Anthropic Economic Index, observed use | 0.034 | 56 |
Earlier indices measure whether AI can touch a task; ADI measures how much of it an agent can carry out from a goal. – : the source does not cover this occupation.
Same sub-major group (54)
Neighbouring occupations
| Occupation | ADI | % |
|---|---|---|
| Security guards 5414 | 34.0 | |
| Protective services workers not elsewhere classified 5419 | 32.5 | |
| Prison guards 5413 | 19.5 | |
| Fire-fighters 5411 | 14.4 |
Dashed line: police officers (27.9%).
Cite this record
Text
Espinal Maya, Cristian, and Santiago Jiménez Londoño. 2026. ADI v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and MCP server. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918. Record: Police officers (ISCO-08 5412), https://balamlabs.org/adi/occupations/5412
BibTeX
@misc{espinal2026adidata,
title = {{ADI} v2026.1: Agent Delegability Index data, code and {MCP} server},
author = {Espinal Maya, Cristian and Jim{\'e}nez Londo{\~n}o, Santiago},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
version = {v2026.1},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23552918},
note = {Record: Police officers (ISCO-08 5412)}
}Machine-readable
The same record as static JSON, with its citation: /adi/v2026.1/isco/5412.json.